The Preparation And Application Of Porous Silica And Porous Carbon

Porous materials with high surface and numerous nanoscale pore channels are attracting much attention because of their unique applications in catalysis, optics, electrics, magnetism, nanotechnology, and sensors et al, especially their applications in adsorption field. Many efforts have been devoted to study the synthesis and applications of these materials. The porous composite materials with several functional actions are attracting the increasing attention. Varsities of synthetic techniques, i.e. Sol-Gel, Hydrothermal, Ultrasonic, Nanocasting, Coating, Grafting et al, have been used to prepare porous materials by soft-template or hard template route. However, many challenges and difficulty need to be overcame in the large-scale production and application of ordered mesoporous materials. The synthetic methods with simple, fast, inexpensive and environmental-friendly properties must be developed to obtain the porous materials with high quality, i.e high thermal and hydrothermal stability. The potential function of the different porous materials should be study in detail for their widely application in adsorption field.Ordered mesoporous carbon with high surface has already attracted much attention because of their numerous potential applications. But the applications of mesoporous carbon are limited because the synthetic methods are always expensive, complex and time-consuming. We developed a new low-cost synthetic procedure to obtain worm-like mesoporous silica using environmental friendly and industrial grade cation alkyl polyglycoside as structure-directing agents. What is more, mesoporous carbon materials can be obtained through the direct pyrolysis in N₂ of silica/ cation alkyl polyglycoside composites with trace mount H₂SO₄ as catalyst, which is the first sample prepared by the direct pyrolysis of structure-directing agents in worm-like mesoporous silica channels. This method is simple, fast, low-cost, environmentally and is propitious to industrialization. Furthermore, mesoporous carbon synthesized shows more effective absorption performance for fuchsine dyes in aqueous solution than commercial active carbon.In chapter 3, 8 kinds of porous silica and 5 kinds of porous carbon were synthesized and used as adsorbents in benzene and organic dyes adsorptions. The factors which affect the adsorption amounts were systemically discussed in the study. The conclusion is very important for dealing with benzene and organic dyes practically.In chapter 4, we try to using ionic liquids as solvent and morphology regulator to synthesize carbonated hydroxyapatite with tunable size and shapes via adjusting the cations or anions of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium ionic liquids as BmimBr, BmimBF₄, EmimBr, EmimBF₄. Ionic liquids have negligible vapour pressure which reduces the request of reactor. Also, we can obtain ultra fine hydroxyapatite without calcination, which makes the synthesize cost lower. Furthermore, the synthesized HAP reveals their more excellent absorption performance for organic dyes.