| Taking hypoglycemic components from Dioscorea opposita and Stigmata maydis as objective products, extraction processes of polysaccharides from Dioscorea opposita, polysaccharides and flavone from stigmata maydis were studied in order to make a rise of their productivities, and the construction of saponin from corn silk was identificated in this thesis.Because there was so much starch in Dioscorea opposita,α-amylase was employed in the extraction procedure of polysaccharides from Dioscorea opposita; The optimum condition of enzyme-assisted extraction has been obtained through orthogonal test according to the yield of total sugar. The highest yield of polysaccharides was achieved at 55℃, pH 5.5 , with a load ofα-amylase 10㎎ for 1.0 hour, and then 5 minutes under ultrasound, an extraction percentage 6.79 % was attained.Cells wall could be destructed by cellulase, and the dissolution rate of active substances was accelarated, then. A new process has been developed by using cellulase and ultrasound to improve the extracting ratio of Corn Stigma polysaccharides. A best hydrolysis condition was achieved with the enzyme load of 5 % of Stigma maydis at 50℃in water for 170 minutes; Ultrasonic waves showed positive effects on the process of enzyme-assisted extraction, the extraction rate was 7.72 % after 5.0 minutes under supersound.The highest yield of flavone was reached when treated by sonication in 35BV, 40 % alcohol for 10 minutes after hydrolysis with the cellulase load of 1.3 % of Stigma maydis at 40℃, pH 7.6 for 1.5 hours. Its extraction rate was augmented by 14.5 % (1.48 % to 1.30 %) compared with recycling alcohol, and the extraction period was decrease by 1.8 h.Identification of the structures of saponins from corn silk has not been reported till now. After separation by HSCCC, one kind of steroid saponin with benzene ring was identified through optical spectrum and chromatographic process.
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