| People build the hydraulic project to settle the problem of asymmetric distribution of the water and to use the water resource adequately, so the hydraulic project is signification of the social and the economical development. The development of basic construction have the inevitable destructive effect to the ecological environment, especially the large-scale hydraulic projects has brought negative influence to the ecosystem structure and the ecology service function on a certain extent, which mainly belong to the non-polluted ecological impact to eco-environment. Recently,the environmental impact question of hydraulic projects building has became the hot ecological research spot between the domestic and foreign. In addition hydraulic projects ecological impact assessment method also became the research focus.The theory and methodology of the ecological carrying capacity(ECC)is the supporting theory for sustainable development. Based on the relationship analysis between recently relevant research and results of ecological carrying capacity, the ECC origin theory, concept are further researched; The representative assessment methods of ECC are introduced, Furthermore the ecological footprint methodology is discussed seriously in the paper, which is a biophysical assessment method of ECC. It is a new angle to appraising humanity's development construction ecological impact from the ECC impact of hydraulic projects, which not only can be of great scientific importance among the development of ecology, but also has been of real applying value for the assessment of eco-environment influence of other big-scale construction.After analyzing the impact the water project bring to the eco-environment factors and compare the existing normal method, this paper offer a ECC method that quantitative analysis the ecological service function effect of the stream ecosystem caused by the water project, which not only reflect the effect of human's activity bring to the environment, but also reflect the feedback the environment to human, which reveal the point of sustainable development. Took the Feng Jiashan Reservoir in Baoji city in Shaanxi Province as a example last, the annual average ecological footprint and the ecological carrying capacity were calculated, then the ecological surplus (deficit) was estimates, furthermore evaluate the eco-environment influence of Feng Jiashan reservoir to the Central Shaanxi Plain.. The main conclusion as follows:1 The hydraulic project bring complicated impact to the environment, and almost all the genes will changes, and also affect the regional ecological carrying capacity. Application of ecological footprint in terms of Feng Jiashan water con construction of water conservancy project on the impact of ecological carrying capacity, results indicates that: there are multifaceted aspect of impact of Feng Jiashan reservoir works on the ecological carrying capacity of Central Shaanxi Plain, has a net increase ecological carrying capacity of 109 200 hm2, which can carry the ecological footprint of more than 66154 people. Feng Jiashan reservoir play an important role in sustainable development and strategic significance on the Central Shaanxi Plain.2 The research of ecological footprint is not ripe yet at a preliminary stage. Ecological carrying capacity and ecological footprint method applied to the ecological impact assessment of water conservancy projects and other large-scale projects. Furthermore it expand the applications range of ecological carrying capacity theories and ecological footprint methods.3 In this study, we used ecological footprint method to analyze the ecological environment impacts of hydraulic project and represent the interaction between human beings and environment. The study not only provides us a new method for evaluating the ecological environment influence of hydraulic projects, but also give us a basic theory for rational utilization and sustainable development of natural resources.
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