Toxicity Effects Of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate On Zebrafish (Brachyclanio Rerio)

With the fast development of industry and agriculture and the rapid increase of the population, environment pollution has been more and more serious, especially the water pollution comes to be the most harmful and widely reason resulting in the serious social problems. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is widely applied in liquid detergent and chemical reagent industrial production. In recent years, SDS pollutant is dispersed massively into the water environment along with the sanitary sewage and the industrial waste. From this brings the environment risk is worth paying attention.In the experiment, SDS as organic chemical and Zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio) as experimental organism were chosen. The aims of this study was to explore the effects of SDS on B.rerio from the embryo to adult stage. Results described as follows:The special effect duration of SDS on embryos of B. rerio was within 6 hour (h) after embryos incubation. The LC50 for embryos of the blastula stage and the gastrula stage were 0.6191 mg/L and 3.2594 mg/L, which were far lower than the national permission (10.0mg/L ) for industrial waste anion surface active agent emissions. SDS could markedly inhibit the development of B. rerio embryos and cause its malformation and even death. The most sensitive endpoints of B. rerio embryos to SDS were half lethal concentration at 48h.During 40-day treatment of juvenile fish with different concentrations of SDS, we discovered that SDS at sublethal concentration could obviously enhance the mortality (p<0.05) and inhibit the growth of juvenile fish which resulted in the individual slow-growing and lower. Moreover, the inhibitory effect was dose-dependent. Likewise, we found that SDS could also significantly inhibit the growth of adult fish during the 63-day treatment (p < 0.05).The enzyme capacity of B.rerio exposed to different concentrations (0.5,3.0,18.0mg/L) of SDS was investigated by determinating ATPase,TAC, SOD and MDA under different treatment periods. The results showed that the activity of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase and Ca²⁺/Mg²⁺-ATPase were highly inhibited at low SDS concentration (p < 0.05), as well as that of SOD and TAC. In contrast, the level of MDA was elevated. And the results indicated that there was a threshold of the toxicity of SDS, under which the B.rerio could resist the toxicity by slef-adjustment, while above which there was marked adverse effect on the antioxidant capacity impairing the organism and inhibiting normal growth.In conclusion, the influence of the surfactant active agent to the environment can not be defined simply by sublethal concentration, degradability and so on. The effect of SDS on the reproduction of aquatic organisms and aquatic ecosystem cann't be ingored.