| As is known to all, water is the most basic kind of demand for mankind's survival. After the 1970s, water crisis has attracted highly attention by all circles of society. Even more, conditions will be continuous: the shortage of water resource, the increasing of water disaster, the deterioration of water environment. And, basin-based management of water resources has become an international consensus. Based on this position, this thesis put forward the concept of Basin Water Environment Security and discussed about how to evaluate it and other related issues.At first, Basin Water Environment Security was put forward and explained on the basis of lots of references. After reviewing and discussing the water-related indicator system, the dissertation established the index system for Basin Water Environment Security (Generalized System). The system is consisted of two levels: primary and secondary level indicators index layer. Primary indicator is the collection of secondary indicators, and there are four collections: basin water resources natural state, basin socio-economic development, basin water resources exploitation status and basin management. At last, the basin water environmental security status was evaluated by using the multi-level fuzzy comprehensive assessment method.Based on the above groundwork, taking the Yangtze River Basin (the year of 2005's data) as an example, this paper established a narrow basin water environmental safety evaluation index system in line with the actual situation in the Yangtze River Valley and got an appraisal result. The appraisal result accords with the situation of Yangtze River Valley in the year of 2005. And then, according to the evaluation result, a series of corresponding countermeasures were suggested, the more effective proposals were put forward regarding to Yangtze River Valley in development of relevant policies, upgrading level of water environmental security in the future.
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