Study On The Synthesis Of 1, 3, 5-triamino-2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene

The synthesis of insensitive high explosive 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene(TATB) was investigated in this dissertation.TATB was synthesised though two routes.Consisting of oxidation,decarboxylation and VNS amination,the frist route converted surplus explosive TNT into TATB.In the other one,TATB was prepared from 3-nitroaniline,via nitration, amination and VNS amination.In the study,the technical conditions of some reactions were discussed,optimum conditions were obtained and the advantages and disadvantages of two routes were compared.For the first route,the optimum conditions of oxidation were obtained as follows:the molar ratio of TNT to potassium chlorate was 1:2.5,the volume of nitric acid was 21mL, reaction 4 h under 75℃;optimum conditions of decarboxylation was obtianed as follows: 15%sodium hydroxide,reaction 2.5 h under 85℃;optimum conditions of VNS amination was obtained as follows:the molar ratio of 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene to sodium methoxide to 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole was 1.3:13.6:33.2,the volume of dimethyl sulfoxide is 60mL, reaction 4 h under 70℃,the yield was 81.9%.For the second route,optimum conditions of nitration was obtained as follows:the molar ratio of 3-nitroaniline to potassium nitrate is 1:4, the volume of sulfuric acid(98%) is 120 ml;optimum conditions of amination was obtained as follows:the weight of tetranitroaniline 8.5 g,acetonitrile 120mL,reaction 2 h under 20℃; optimum conditions of VNS amination was obtained as follows:the molar ratio of DATB to sodium methoxide to 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole was 1.05:5.1:11.1,the volume of dimethyl sulfoxide is 30 mL,reaction 4.5 h under 35℃,the yield was 85.2%.It was suggest that compared to TNT synthesis TATB,3-nitroaniline possessed the following advantages:easy to apply,sufficiently milder eaction conditions,safe,and higher yield.The product was determined by IR,MS,NMR,and thermal stability was tested by thermogravimetry(TG),TG-MS and diferential scanning calorimetry(DSC).