| The livestock and poultry breeding industry have been substantially developed in the past 50 years. The number of major livestock and poultry has increased straightly or even exponentially. At the same time, the patterns of the livestock and poultry industry have undergone tremendous changes. Under decentralized management style, the waste generated can be reused basically. While under centralized management style, a lot of fecal, urine and sewage has caused a serious threat to the surrounding environment, which caused more and more people's attention. But according to the reports on livestock and poultry pollution, different researchers used different data, different livestock and poultry fecal excretion coefficient, different fecal and urine's nutrient content coefficient, and used different estimation method, and calculated the fecal and urine emission, and got the results very differently. The establishment of a scientific and rational livestock and poultry production produce coefficient and excretion coefficient is the prerequisite and guarantee of the calculation of the livestock and poultry industry pollution; it is the core technology of the livestock and poultry pollution contribution. Statistics showed that over these years the environmental problems generated by big livestock decreased the most quickly, followed by pigs, sheep and poultry take small proportion. So in this research typical dairy cow farms were chosen as the study objective and the environmental characteristics of the fecal in scale farms under the conditions of normal feeding and management were studied. Through monitoring and collecting cow waste, and sewage samples, detecting the major composition by chemical analysis methods, and analyzing the situation of collecting cow fecal, pollutants, and the transportation of pollutants in storing process, we can establish the produce coefficient and excretion coefficient of Beijing's scale dairy farm.In accordance with the experimental design, the volume of waste generated by cows in incubation period that weigh 300 kg ~ 450kg, 330±94kg in average in different seasons and adult cows of that weigh 550kg～770kg, 665±59kg in average were measured, and all indicators of wastes were detected in the Ministry of Agriculture quality Supervision and Testing Center (Beijing). Through statistical analysis, the daily waste generated in these two periods, bred cow manure output were showed. Urine output, organic matter, COD and total nitrogen were 13.85±2.77 kg/d,8.17±2.01 kg/d,1.80±0.43 kg/d,219.42±12.47 g/d,120.41±7.81g/d; production of adult cow dung, urine output, organic matter, COD and total nitrogen were 32.84±3.56 kg/d,13.24±2.81 kg/d,4.07±0.29 kg/d,362.46±16.81 g/d,257.79±19.12g/d.The research also showed that on dry weight basis the phosphorus content of the bred cows is 0.11%～0.34%, in average 0.19%, and the phosphorus content of the cow waste is 55.2% of the intake; the phosphorus content of the adult cow is 0.16%～0.53%, in average 0.30%, and the phosphorus content of the cow waste is 64.6% of the intake, and in these 2 periods, over 95% of the copper intake get to the environment through fecal excretion.Part of the fecal and urine generated by the cow feeding was used in the farmland, most were collected and entered the environment after the retting, and the sewage drains were put out into the environment without any treatment. on the basis of the manure and sewage collection rate and the polluted water utilization rate. By using dry fecal cleaning method, NH4+-N, TP coefficient of different seasons generated by sewage was lower than the highest intensive of the manure disposal of farm in China's Animal and Poultry Breeding Industry Pollutant Discharge Standards, and the water discharge per 100 cows was higher than the highest intensive of livestock and poultry feeding fecal cleaning allowable water discharge requirements of Livestock and Poultry Breeding Industry Pollutant Discharge Standards,and the sewage treatment rate is 0. |
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