The Geological Environmental Monitoring Based On Remote Sensing Technology And The Evaluation Of Change In Daqing Region

As the largest oil field in China, Daqing Oil Field has remained the consecutive 27 years of consecutive annual output of 5,000 tons of crude oil of high and stable yield, and the cumulative production has been 18.21 billion ton. It has made great contributions for China economic construction. At the time of the development of Daqing Oil Field and the creation of great material wealth, it also has caused serious damage of geological environment system in Daqing and its surrounding areas nearby, such as land salinization, gradual Expansion of Desertification area, gradual pollution of soil and water, area of the marsh unceasing withered and reduced which regulate the microclimate, the underground water sustained and imported lowering. The problem of geological environment has seriously affected the local people of normal production and life, and it has also become the important factor restricting economic and social development of Daqing and its surrounding. Heilongjiang Committee of CPC and provincial government pay more attention to the problem of geological environment of Daqing region, and pointed that ecological environment control here would be the crux of ecological province construction of our province in the programming of ecological province construction of Heilongjiang province which published in 2001. The Heilongjiang finance and territorial resources Department carried out the improvement of geological environment of Daqing region. In order to providing the scientific foundation for the further comprehensive management, the task group began this study.This study was based on remote sensing, and under the technical support of GIS, adopted the way that Field survey combining with indoors interpretation and Multi-Component was combination of multidisciplinary. Combining with the Natural condition on Daqing and areas nearby, the research is used the advantage of environmental investigation on remote sensing, adopted remote sensing combining with normal data, always followed the scientific, advanced, systemic and practical principles, identified distribution and development trend of the wetlands, salinization, desertified land, and zoned the working area base on geological environment. The research area is 60948km2, which was divided two major research areas. One that is 1073.29km2 is on the east south of Qiqihaer by monitoring the changing of the Zhalong humid areas mainly; the other is the main oil field exploitation field in Daqing and on both sides of road between Haerbin and Daqing, and it is 7324.94km2. The total area of the focus is 8398.24km2. We should collect lots of basic data contained professional data, Preliminary topographic map, geographical base map, data source of RS and so on. The study based on the remote sensing extracted the information about water plant and three ecological problems of soil through pretreatment of remote sensing data, rectification, integration, and mosaic. We mapped full-area mosaic and free model TM,CBERS-2,SPOT and ALOS image map whose Geometric Accuracy satisfied 1:250000 and 1:50000 topographic maps. Taking RS image as base map, using Mapgis, we generated three area vector layers: land desertification, soil salinization, and wetlands by Human computer interactive interpretation technology, finished the editor, coordinate transformation and map sheet conflation of these vector layers, and overlaid them to generate remote sensing interpretation image. The work area was divided five geomorphologic division of regions: tectonic landform, fluvial landform, lacustrine landform, wind-borne landform and glaciers landform. After primary geological environment partition was decided that based on color and texture of image, we divided geological environment division map of the primary partition contained mountain forest area and plain grassland agricultural district and five sub areas contained Daxinganling, piedmont sloping plain, the valley floor, highland plain and lowland plain.Based on the achievement of remote sensing interpretation, and using Mapgis to conduct comparison analysis on several data, we made conclusions: First, the total area of desertification is 32.15×104hm2, reducing1592 hm2 compared with 2000; The total area of soil salinization is 48.94×104 hm2, increasing 285 hm2 compared with 2000; The total area of wetlands is 438.91×104 hm2, reducing 2920hm2 compared with 2000. The the geological environment of this field is worsening that is reflected the declining wetlands. Second, the land desertification is not found in the key region. The area of soil salinization is 76306 hm2, increasing 35469 hm2 compared with 2002. Geological environment here will be better because the declining soil salinization and the increasing wetlands. Third, soil salinization has close relationship with rainfall based on the annual continuous monitoring, the heavier rain, the more serious soil salinization. It is agreed with the rule of soil salinization caused by the semi-arid climate , and the condition of geology and landforms and hydrology. Forth, the human activities is the main influencing factors of geological environment development. In the nature, it is restricted by climate, geology and landforms, and hydrogeological conditions.