| Objective:(1) Based on the air pollution data of Tianjin, the characteristics of atmospheric pollution during 2001-2008 and Olympic Games in Tianjin were analyzed.(2) To study the relationship between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma of the indoor fuel and biomass exposed peoples, as well as their impact factors.(3) To investigate the association between chronic particulate matter exposure and cardiovascular mortality.Methods:(1) Based on the air quality monitoring results between 2001 and 2008 in Tianjin(The People's Republic of China Ministry of Environmental Protection, www.zhb.gov.cn; Tianjin Environmental Monitoring Center, www.tjemc.org.cn), the pollution index(API) including particulate matter(PM10), sulfur dioxide(SO2) and nitrogen dioxide is converted to pollution concentration and analyzed.(2) A method of stratification cluster sampling was used in three residential communities of a district in Tianjin, where 662 residents who were over 40 years old were recruited for the study subjects. A random stratification cluster sampling was used on residential buildings of 3 communities in a same district in Tianjin to recruit 662 residents who were over 40 years old. A retrospective survey (1988-2007) was carried on with questionnaires. The relationship between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma of the indoor fuel and biomass exposed peoples, as well as their impact factors were analyzed by univariate and multivariate Logistic regression.(3) A method of stratification cluster sampling around the monitoring sites was used in Tianjin and Taiyuan. A retrospective surevey(1998-2009) was carried on 13,799 subjects with questionnaires. The association between chronic particulate matter expousure and cardiovascular mortality was analyzd by Cox proportional hazards model by SPSS 13.0.Result:(1) The concentrations of PM10, SO2 and NO2 were decreased during 2001-2008. However, the concentrations of the three pollutants were relatively high. The annual average concentration of PM10 and SO2 met the second level of the national ambient air quality standard (NAAQS) during Olympic Games, and the concentration of NO2 met the first level of NAAQS. The air quality was good during Olympic Games. Air pollution was severer in winter and milder in summer. The pollution of PM10 was relatively steady, while both SO2 and NO2 presented obvious seasonal change. The meteorological conditions had a vital influence on the concentration of pollutants. Heavy dust and thick fog could dramatically increase the pollutant concentration.(2) Duration of using indoor fuel and biomass, family history and age are risk factors for COPD and odds ratio (OR) are 1.08 (95%CI:1.01-1.15),9.45 (95%CI: 2.62-34.12) and 1.04 (95%CI:1.00-1.07), respectively. The education background is a protective factor for COPD (OR value is 0.62,95%CI:0.38-0.99). Duration of using indoor fuel and biomass, family history, age, weight and years of drinking alcohol are risk factors for asthma and OR values are 1.12 (95%CI: 1.02-1.23),7.25 (95%CI:1.15-45.72),1.04 (95%CI:1.01-1.08),1.04 (95%CI: 1.00-1.07) and 1.02 (95%CI:1.00-1.05), respectively.(3) For the cardiovascular causes of death, a 10μg/m3 elevation in PM10 was associated 5.9% increases in mortality risk. In the old people group, a 10μg/m3 elevation in PM10 was associated 9% increases in cardiovascular mortality risk. There was no significant difference between the male group and female group, as well as the old male group and old female group.Conclusion:(1) The concentrations of PM10, SO2 and NO2 were decreased during 2001-2008. However, the concentrations of the three pollutants were relatively high. The annual average concentration of PM10 and SO2 met the second level of the national ambient air quality standard (NAAQS) during Olympic Games, and the concentration of NO2 met the first level of NAAQS.(2) The development of COPD and asthma is due to diverse risk factors.(3) The elevation of the concentration of PM10 may cause the increase of cardiovascular mortality.
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