The Research On The Desertification In The Comprehensive Treatment In Tigray Region Of Ethiopia

The desertification is one of the most serious environmental and social problems in the world. The date that UN announced there were 110 countries (more than 1 billion person) under the threat of desertification. So that to take ecological restoring programs in the desertification areas are extremely urgent.1. The Ethiopia Highland was selected for the research. Base on the Hadnet watershed, the detailed investigation and research on the natural and social conditions were applied. Result showed that the desertification in this watershed was caused by the nasty meteorological conditions, the destruction of the vegetation by human being, the unreasonable farming, the unreasonable cutting for firewood, and the unreasonable grazing by the animals. The main factor which caused desertification in the watershed was the nasty meteorological conditions, and destructive activities by human being were belonged to subordinate site.2. Focus on the regularity of the soil moisture during dry season,4 different water harvesting site preparation techniques such as Contour Bench Terrace, Semi-circular bund, triangular bund and ship-shaped trench had been experimental researched. The result showed that the ship-shaped trench was the best technique for soil moisture keeping. The moisture percentage in 40cm depth of ship-shaped trench were 9%,7.2% higher in contrast to that in the same depth of normal land in February and in March.3. The soil and water conservation projects such as check dam and erosion protection measure of gully head had been experimentally researched. The results showed that both of them play important role in controlling water loss and soil erosion, and provided the suitable environmental conditions for the ecological restoring.The other soil and water conservation projects such as rooftop water harvesting system, small size pond and small sized reservoir had been experimentally researched or investigated; results showed that all of them could provide certain amount value water for different usages for the watershed in the dry season. The ground water had been experimentally explicated and the results showed that the ground water level in the upper reaches of the watershed was more than 50m deepness but not more than 3m in the lower reaches of the watershed.The results showed the forestry could be reflourished, desertification situation could be changed in the watershed; the ecosystem could be restored, the food insecurity situation could be solved and the poor and under-developed situation of local farmer could be changed ultimately.