Ecological System Spatio-temporal Changes And Driving Mechanism Of Xilinguole City

XiLinGuoLe city is located in the southeastern of the Mongolian plateau which in the east of China's arid and semiarid region, and its area is about 200,000 square kilometers. The regional ecological balance function is fragile, the climate is dry, farming and animal husbandry production is not stable. It is our country's northern ecological defence, the distance between Beijing and is only 460 km, its ecological and environmental conditions has an important influence on ecological environment to Beijing and other areas of the north China. XiLinGuoLe city is the global change sensitive region, in the past half-century, many scholars studied ecological environment changes and recovery of XiLinGuoLe city, generally, the region ecological degradation serious, mainly displays in grassland degradation, land desertification, salinization, etc. Its main influence factors is the arid climate, population increasing and breeding contradiction intensifies, overgrazing, grassland reclamation, etc. In order to improve the ecological environment, the state has adopted a certain policy and ecological engineering to restore the eco-environment in the study area, in certain achievements have been made at the same time still exist many problems.Using 5 period of remote sensing images between 1975 to 2009, according to the land cover/land use classification system of Chinese academy of sciences, we interpret the 5 images in 2000, 1975, 1990, 2005, 2009, forming XiLinGuoLe land cover/land use spatio-temporal data platform; Relying on XiLinGuoLe land cover/land use spatio-temporal data platform, we divide the study area ecological system into six categories: (1) farmland ecological system; (2) forest ecological system; (3) grassland ecological system; (4) water and wetland ecological system; (5) desert ecosystem; (6) other ecosystem. We analyzed XiLinGuoLe ecosystem patterns and their dynamic changes in 1975-2009. Results show that: Grassland ecological system area is reduced between1975 and 1990, and other terrestrial ecosystem area is increasing; water and wetlands ecosystem area increased rarely. 1990-2000 maintain change trend of 1975-1990, Grassland ecological system area is reduced and other terrestrial ecosystem area is increasing; but water and wetlands ecosystem area start to reduce. The grassland and farmland conversion process got control and rapidly reversed in 2000-2005; desertification process slows down; Water and wetland ecosystem types continue to accelerate curtailed. Grassland ecosystem area continue to increase and farmland ecosystem area continue to decline in 2005-2009; Desert ecosystem area increased compared with 2000-2005; But water and wetlands ecosystem lasted continue to shrink the trend, but cut rate is greatly decreased prophase.In order to grasp the ecosystem change rule and then use these rules on ecosystem necessary regulation. In this paper the factors influencing ecological system changes are analyzed, we mainly consider natural and social factors, natural factors include temperature, precipitation and dryness, etc; social aspects mainly include population, social and economic development, the pastoral policy evolution and some ecological engineering.