Condensation Of Bromamine Acid With Amines Catalyzed By An Environmentally Friendly Catalyst System

Environment pollution has become more and more severe as the development of traditional chemical industry. There are three hundred million to four hundred million tons waste produced every year. People's need of protecting environment has become more and more urgent. Green chemistry has been commenced by American Chemical Society, which guides a new approach to traditional chemical industry.Anthraquinone dye is one of the most important dye. Normally, anthraquinone dyes are produced through condensation of bromamine acid with amines. In this reaction, catalyst is cuprous salt. As we all know, cuprous salt is very active. So, copper powder is always used as reductant in the production of anthraquinone dyes. Inevitably, at the end of the manufacture, there is much copper sludge, which pollutes environment badly.In view of the problems of copper sludge, we supplied a new way to produce anthraquinone dyes. We use cupric salt as catalyst instead of cuprous salt. Meanwhile, we utilize glucose as reductant, which is friendly to environment.In our paper, we choose four systems to research, which are bromamine acid/sulfanilic acid, bromamine acid/3,5-diamino-2,4,6-trimethyl-benzenesulfonic acid, bromamine acid/m-hydroxide sulfonyl aniline and bromamine acid/aniline. By the way of HPLC, we exploit temperature, pH, dosage of cupric salt and glucose, et al. In the end, we find that better reaction conditions are T=80℃, pH=7.5(±0.2), m(sodium bicarbonate):n(sodium carbonate)=4:1, n(glucose):n(copper sulfate)=6:1, n(copper sulfate):n(bromamine acid)=1:15 and stage addition of the solution of glucose and copper sulfate. At last, we reach content variation of main product to 94.2% in bromamine acid/sulfanilic acid system, to 48.3% in bromamine acid/3,5-diamino-2,4,6-trimethyl-benzenesulfonic acid system, to 41.7% in bromamine acid/m-hydroxide sulfonyl aniline system after eight hours.