| In the worldwide,the frequent fires had caused a lot of damage to people and property.Through system research and analysis about the reason of the fire,people found that the occurrence of severe fire and the the rapid spread of fire was due to the extensive use of the flammable textile.Now,all countries have published the corresponding fire safety regulations,and the applicable range of textiles and requirement of flame retardant has become increasingly harsh.In recent years, the research about the flame retardant of cotton fabric has made great progress. Although a certain flame retardant effect has been achieved, the processed fabrics still have the defects of bad feel, large mechanical strength damage, or complex procedures, harsh production conditions. The surface treatment of cotton fabric has become a very good flame retardant processing direction, because it can achieve the flame retardant effect with much less internal structural impact. This paper has made a series of research and exploration on the two kinds of flame retardant cotton fabrics that I prepared according to two different ways of surface treatment.Firstly, cotton was regarded as matrix, Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA),as the monomer, was grafted onto the cotton by two-step UV induced photografting, and the photoinitiator was benzophenone (BP). Through ammoniation and phosphorylation, the flame retardant cotton fabric was finally complete. In addition, after analyzing the effects of various experimental parameters about the grafting percentage, the comparison with the properties, the white degree and the strength of the grafted fabric, we made the choice of the 37% grafted samples for the next ammoniation and phosphorylation treatment. The final experimental parameters were also determined, specifically, the initiator concentration 0.15 mol/L, the first step illumination distance 25 cm, the first step illumination time 30 min. Monomer concentration of 40 v/v%, the second step illumination distance 25 cm, the second step illumination time 30 min. The surface morphologies, crystallization properties, thermal stabilities and flame-retardant property of flame retardant cotton fabric were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR),X-ray diffraction (XRD), and limiting oxygen index (LOI), respectively. The results showed that the effective component, i.e. nitrogen and phosphorus were successfully introduced into the surface of the modified cotton fabric. The flame retardant cotton fabric had good thermal stability and fire retardant properties and the LOI value of it reaches 32%.Secondly, we had prepared another surface-modified flame-retardant cotton fabrics. The mixture of melamine and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and silica sol prepared with tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the precursor were used as the coating agents, and the double coated fire retardant cotton fabric was prepared by dipping-baking coupling with sol-gel technique.By means of discussing the effects of different reaction conditions on the quality loss rate of the fabric after washing, the experimental process was optimized and the best experimental program emerged, namely, the first layer coating liquid pH=4, baking temperature 165 ℃, baking time 270 s, the sol-gel pH=3, baking temperature 165 ℃, baking time 270 s. The polymer structure and thermal properties were measured via fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TG). The morphology of different samples was analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). And the wash durability of the retardant fabrics had been tested. The results showed that the double-coated cotton fabric which we produced has excellent flame retardant properties and good wash durability. |
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