Evaluation Of The Air Pollutants Reduction During The Beijing 2008 Olympic Games

Air quality has been one of the vital concerns for the Beijing Olympic Games in 2008. Beijing municipal government announced an "Air Quality Guarantee Plan for the 29th Olympics in Beijing" to strictly control air pollutants emissions. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the guarantee plan, this thesis scientifically analyzed the air pollutants emission reduction of each measure during the 29th Olympiad in Beijing.Using emission sources investigation method and emission factor method, this study developed the emission inventories of SO₂, NO_x, PM₁₀, CO and VOC in July 2007, June 2008 (pre-Olympics) and August 2008 (during Olympics), respectively, based on the socio-economic development and air pollution control measures in Beijing. The emission reductions of the five primary air pollutants were evaluated and the air quality pre-Olympics and during Olympics were simulated using Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) model.The daily emissions of SO₂, NO_x, PM₁₀, CO and VOC in Beijing in July 2007 were 147.4 t, 519.0 t, 410.8 t, 3496.6 t and 927.2 t, respectively. In June 2008, emission control of power plants, industries, mobile sources and fugitive dusts reduced the daily emissions of SO₂ 43.5 t, NO_x 90.5 t, PM₁₀ 48.1 t, CO 27.4 t and VOC 37.2 t from the July 2007 baseline.During summer Olympics (July 20 - August 6, August 10 - 27), closedown of the building material enterprises reduced 85% of their SO₂ emissions. Mobile emission control rule that vehicles with even and odd plate number run on alternate days reduced 46% to 57% of their NO_x, CO and VOCs emissions, respectively. Fugitive dust emissions from building construction sites and industrial sources contributed 35% and 34% of the total PM₁₀ reductions, respectively. VOCs reductions were mainly from the control measures of mobile sources and fugitive VOC sources. During summer Olympics, the daily emissions of SO₂, NO_x, PM₁₀, CO and VOC in Beijing were 61.6 t, 229.1 t, 164.3 t, 1703.7 t and 381.8 t, which were 41%, 47%, 55%, 51% and 57% lower than those in June 2008. During the Olympic Opening Ceremony (6 - 8 August), the daily emissions of SO₂, NO_x, PM₁₀, CO and VOC in Beijing were further reduced by 1%, 14%, 9%, 19% and 15%, respectively.Based on the developed emission inventories, CMAQ model was applied to simulate the ambient concentrations of PM₁₀/PM_2.5, NO₂ and O₃ in Beijing pre-Olympics and during Olympics. Comparison of the simulation results and the environmental monitoring data showed that the developed emission inventories and the evaluation of the emission reductions in this study were reasonable.