Study On The Environment Pattern Of The Private Garden In Tang And Song Dynasty

In the progress course of classical Chinese garden, Tang and Song period is an important stage, in which some transformations took place in the style of classical Chinese garden. Accordingly, the aim of this paper is studying on the changes of classical Chinese garden in this stage and revealing the progress course of it.In the varied elements, the mountain and the surface of water took an important role on the garden space; they influenced the garden style and the environment pattern deeply. We use a concept of the garden fundamental pattern to describe the frame pattern of the mountain and the surface of water in the garden space, and use it to analyze the environment pattern and study the change course of the private garden in Tang and Song dynasty.We divided the period of the mid-Tang-to-south-Song into three stages: earlier stage, middle stage and later stage. In the whole three stages, the fundamental pattern of the private garden had changed step by step, which conduct the change of the space structure.In the earlier stage, the garden environment pattern can be divided into three kinds: the pattern of "making a surface of water encircling the mountain", the pattern of "having a lager surface of water without mountain", the pattern of " having a major building". The first pattern's garden is more in number; the second pattern's garden has a direct influence on the many garden of middle stage, while the third pattern's garden have some changes in the middle-later stage.In the middle stage, the garden environment pattern can be divided into four kinds: the pattern of "having a lager surface of water without mountain", the pattern of "having a major building (pavilion) near a surface of water", the pattern of "a surface of water between the mountains", the pattern of "having a major plant". The first pattern's garden remains some fundamental characters of the second pattern of the earlier stage, while the three latter is more in that stage.In the later stage, the garden environment pattern remains all four kinds of middle stage, and there is a new pattern of "the ditch between the mountains" appeared. This pattern had a deeply influence on the environment pattern and garden style of after Song ( Ming and Qing ). The pattern of "having a major plant" in the later stage had more entertainment equipments than those of middle stage.At last, this paper try to analyze the character of the garden environment pattern in the period of the mid-Tang-to-south-Song by combining it with the politics, economic andculture. This paper make the conclusion that, firstly, there is a progress clue which reflect the transformation of from the pattern of "having a lager surface of water without mountain" to the pattern of "the ditch between the mountains". This is an important progress clue in the classical Chinese garden history. Secondly, the garden comes to widespread. This change mainly reflected by the emergence of un-typical garden and its number becoming more in that period.