| The utilization status of biomass thermal conversion technologies, including gasification, liquefaction and carbonization, were reviewed briefly in this thesis. The biomass fast pyrolysis liquefaction technology was studied in detail with the greatest emphasis on the development of the experimental apparatus.The objective of this study was to develop an experimental apparatus for fast pyrolysis of biomass to produce bio-oil. The thermogravimetric characteristics of palletized corn stalk and wheat straw were determined for analyzing their volatility. The physical properties of ceramic balls, palletized corn stalk and their mixture were also determined. Based on these preliminary studies, a down flow tube reactor of biomass pyrolysis was designed, fabricated and modified. Ceramic balls were used as the heat carrier in the reactor to heat up the biomass with very high heating rate at moderate temperature.Experiments of fast pyrolysis of palletized corn stalk were conducted in the reactor for the purpose of determining the bio-oil yields and their composition with varying ceramic ball temperature and flowrate, palletized corn stalk size and flowrate. The chemicals determined from the bio-oil are valuable indicating a wide range of application of the bio-oil.
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