Study On Greening Technology In Sloping Field Of Tunnel Openning

As the construction appears frequently in highway and railway, Tunnel Opening is closely conjoint to the environment. It not only has the function of protection but also is the signal and symbol to surrounding environment. So, The design of tunnel opening is not rely on pure framework, the greening and scenery theory also should be taken into account. Meanwhile, the study on this aspect is limited. The corresponding design-method, construction technology, quality control and the validation standard is not complete yet. On the basis of wide research on tunnel opening design, greening of tunnel opening, Bio-slope-engineering and the project "research of greening method on the hard-rock of sloping field in tunnel opening", This paper carry out a study on design-method, construction technology, quality control and the validation standard of greening on hard-rock in sloping field of tunnel opening.In this paper, the author studies many methods of Bio-slope-engineering and analyses the feasibility and applicability of using these methods in greening on hard-rock in sloping field of tunnel opening. For many methods, such as hydraulic-pressure spray bio-slope-engineering and thick layer base material spraying bio-slope-engineering, the author advises that many amendment should be taken so that they can be used in greening on hard-rock in sloping field of tunnel opening. The author also suggests that what kind of greening methods should be taken according to the corresponding structure of the tunnel opening.After analyzing the structure-stability of tunnel opening, the author brings forward the superficial-stability-analysis method of greened sloping field of tunnel opening, which bases on the root-distributing character and the mechanical root-soil model of herbaceous plants. According to the practice on thick layer base material spray bio-slope-engineering and characteristic of sloping field of tunnel opening, the author propose the construction flow chart, method,sequence, quality control and validation standard of thick layer base material spray bio-slope-engineering in detail.The theory of this paper had been applied in four tunnel opening in the railway from Xian to Nanjing. As a result, a satisfactory greening-effect has been achieved. This paper may contribute to the establishment of tunnel opening greening-design, construction and validation standard.