Research On The Congestion Pricing Of Freeway

Congestion pricing as one of the effective means of traffic demand management, can alleviate congestion through adjusting traffic demand, it has been a long time for the common realization reached that it is essential to study on it. But in the past yeas, congestion pricing for freeway is most based on microeconomics, that is static toll. Static toll can not analyze the process of queuing, doesn't consider that commuter has the ability to start earlier or later, so it can not be used in practice. Firstly, this paper analyze the relationship between traffic volume, density, speed, and travel cost, introduce marginal cost pricing and describe its disadvantages, and bring forward the importance of implementing dynamic toll. Then analyses the factors influencing the congestion pricing, and presents the concept of congestion toll-price elasticity of traffic demand, examines how different price elasticities of travel demand would impact traffic on a toll road with a time-of-day variable toll rate, and find the relationship between socioeconomic, commute characteristics and elasticity. Then the traffic volume change model is established to calculate the traffic volume change.Then describe a congestion pricing scenario in which travel on single bottleneck, corridors and several bottlenecks is influenced by a time-dependent congestion toll. The motivation is to achieve a more uniform departure rate and thereby reduce both queuing congestion and average travel time across the peak period. The result is a social optimum solution in which traffic is distributed in the road network in such a way that the departure rate more closely resembles the service rate. At last, this paper presents an overview on the history of congestion pricing practical applications, some suggestion are given for correctly using the revenue from pricing.