Research On The Causes And Countermeasures Of Rear-End Accident On Freeway

Highway, as a modern transport infrastructure, plays an important role in the development of society and economics, with the merits of huge traffic flow, high driving velocity, well-equipped and comfortable traffic environment, et al, which leads to its high efficiency in satisfying the requirement of industrial adjustment and improvement. However, increasing seriousness problems, such as traffic congestion, frequent accidents and pollution, and so on, add to concerns and issues, leading to rear-end collision as the main accident pattern. Therefore, how to use modern technology and construct scientific and efficient management system of highways are necessary and an urgent task.Based on the scientific and technological projects "Research on the Bottle Problem in Road Traffic Safety in Heilongjiang Province", methods about equivalent number of accidents, principal component analysis, graph mining and clustering as well as traffic conflict theory and system causes theory has been discussed and implemented. Specially, accident prevention measures has been advised.Upon the in-depth investigation made to research the characteristics and types of vehicle collision on freeway, accident ratio is judged from rear-end collision and stationary vehicle collision, by analyzing the statistical data from Hada Freeway and Hashuang Freeway. Then, equivalent number of accidents is defined and used to investigate the qualitative relation between human factors, vehicle factors, road factors, environmental factors and freeway collisions and 13 significant factors has been screened out. Unlike former attempts, a quantitative estimation model is constructed by principal component analysis method and the main impact factors have ultimately been identified as a result of charts comparison and cluster analysis.Freeway dangerous level of rear-end collision is introduced by traffic conflict, meaning the probability that the brake distance of the following vehicle is less than the real gap between the leading and following vehicles, which reflects the occurrence potential of rear-end collision affected by a coupling of different factors on freeway. The former identified main impact factors are considered as dangerous factors to model the corresponding dangerous level as well as accident causes analysis model, including rear-end collision and stationary vehicle collision. Case analysis proves its practicability.The paper finally analyzes the existing problem s in freeway rear-end collision prevention, such as the lack of fundamental equipments, inappropriate measures and insufficient emergency treatment, et al. Moreover, four principles have been put forward to realize the freeway rear-end collision prevention: possible precautionary, causality succession, accidental endangering and selective response. Accordingly, a two stage accident prevention mechanism is advised to ensure the traffic safety on freeway through eliminating the risks source, suppressing accident occurrence and preventing accidents conversion.By discussing the rear-end on freeway, the innovations are obtained at the aspects of analyzing the impact factors quantitatively, the causes and countermeasures of rear-end on freeway; Significant impact factors affecting the probability of rear-end collision and stationary automobile collision has been identified by principal component analysis, graph mining and clustering methods; Dangerous degree is first defined and modeled to describe the occurrence potential and probability of rear-end collision on freeway; With accident causes analysis theory, the causes analysis model of rear-end collision is put forward to analyzed the above mentioned two type of collisions on freeway; A three stage accident prevention mechanism is produced to clear up the headstream of accidents, keep within limits its production and prevent it translating.