The Study Of Stability And Reinforcement Measures On The Cliff Mass Of Bezklik Grottos

Bezklik Grottoes(also known as Bezklik Thousand Buddha Caves), is one of the second batches of state emphasis cultural relic unit, which keeps the most caves of construction at that time and has the lager form among the grottos. It is equally famous with Qiuzi Grottoes, Dunhuang Grottoes and India Ajanta Grottoes as the world grotto art. Here has been the center of the Western Regions of Buddhism in the Gaochang area, even the Buddhist temple for Gaochang king, the Grottoes's beautiful paintings called Buddhist classics. However, after the long years, Bezklik Grottoes go through thousands of years. Due to the long-term, exogenic forces and the influence of human activities caused varying degrees of destruction of the majority of rock caves, murals, and sculptures. The first Strengthening Engineering has emergently rescued the grottoes concentrated areas (No1 to No6 regions) whose cliff mass have been serious damaged. However, location for less grottoe, serious damaged cliff mass and endangered cliff mass near the tourist route for visit still needs urgent protection. After comprehensive and detailed grasp the field data, we determine the best reinforcement with the failure modes of cliff mass and numerical calculation, so as to lay a foundation for scientific tour visit in further.During the second strengthening project, the Bezklik cliff mass has been further divided into nine regions, named A to I. According to the actual field survey data and previous investigations, we find the flood scouring, wind erosion and typical arid desert climate, as the major factors of destruction cliff mass. We test the field collection of soil samples and study the engineering geological characteristics of soil in the laboratory. The results show that the samples mainly made of silt and clay, which have the better engineering properties under dry state, but rapid disintegration and strength rapidly decreased after contacting with water.Based on the above research and field survey document, determine the possible failure mode and formulas, detailed analysis the survival and growth of disease of each district, calculate the stability of each cliff mass with limit equilibrium method. Select a few typical cliff mass sections, using finite element software to analyze the change of the stability of the cliffs caused by stress-release crack, erosion, external-load, and human turbulence to provide more extensive information for scientific and reasonable design. Detailed the change of displacement, the stress and strain of the cliff mass under different simulation, such as whether has crack, the depth of the crack, the displacement between the crack and cliff face, the dip of the crack, the crack opening, the depth of the erosion, the earthquake, the wind, the vehicle loads, and the crowd loads.According to the survey data, analysis of cliff mass and numerical calculation, we propose the reasonable reinforcement measures for Bezklik cliff mass and details of various measures.