| Chinese mountain area accounts for more than 70% of national area. And the lengths of mountain highway in the composition of the National Highway also occupy a large proportion. Due to various reasons, quantities serious traffic accidents happen on mountainous area, causing tremendous loss of life and property. Safety on Mountain Highway is worrying, so the theoretical study of mountain highway traffic safety is significant.The factor, which affects the mountain highway safety is complex, is a complete chain composed by people, vehicles, road, environment and so on. Any traffic accident is difficult to be reduced to a single factor in a particular. However, speed is the Comprehensive reaction and expression of driver's psychological behavior, vehicle condition, road's geometry and road environment. By researching on those reactions and expressions can effectively evaluate road traffic safety situation in mountain areas.This paper analysis characteristics and formation mechanism of mountain highway traffic, based on the traffic Security risk of mountain highways firstly; and analysis interrelation among the road flat, vertical, cross-sectional and running speed in the qualitative point of view. Secondly by different traffic characteristics, mountain road is distributed into four classes:line section, vertical section, flat curve section and flat vertical combination section. Modeling and forecasting running speed on each section. Thirdly, build mountain highway traffic safety evaluation system and evaluation model to calculate the road safety degree of each section and draw the whole road safety degrees.At last, relying on practical projects, taking Die Xi Town Mao County-Song Ping Gou County mountain highway as an example, Applicating this paper's theories, and combineing survey dates, gets the running speed of each section, evaluates the traffic safety of this highway, and verifies the feasibility of the evaluation model.
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