The Research On The Key Technology Of Automobile Using Solid Biomass Fuel

Energy and environment are the two significant issues that every country faces in this century. So seeking new clean substitute fuels is the inevitable choice for all human being. Biomass pyrolysis gas, produced form biomass pyrolysis, is the substitute fuel for vehicle engine and a kind of reproducible gas fuel which is convenient, cheap and realizable of zero release of CO2. Therefore, it is of great significance for altering energy consumption structure, maintaining energy safety and environmental protection of our country that we study on the key technology of solid biomass fuel for vehicles using solid biomass as the raw material.The key technology of solid biomass fuel for vehicles is the name of a series of related technologies which make vehicles, both of today and of new developing, to use those fuels conveniently and efficiently and to achieve the acceptable operational level. It contains the technologies of solid biomass pyrolysis, purification technologies of gas fuels, buffering and transporting technologies of gas fuels, proportioning technologies of gas fuels with air, pressure boosting technologies of fuels and enhancing the power performance of the engine under the using of biomass fuels.This paper was the study on design of generator equipment for solid biomass pyrolysis, gas purification and buffering equipment and gas proportioning equipment, which were utilized to vehicles using solid biomass fuels. It analyzed the thermochemistry and physicochemical properties of biogas, and made the three dimensional model of the equipments by Pro/E. The paper gave technique measurements to enhance power performance of the engine using pyrolysis biogas fuels in light of the traits of low calorific value of pyrolysis biogas (3-6MJ/Nm3), small density (about 1.2g/L), small air-fuel ratio (around 1) and reduction of the engine power as using the fuels directly, such as:changing its compression ratio through changing the piston shape, the length of the connecting rod center line, improving the energy of its ignition system appropriately, increasing its ignition advance angle advisably and optimizing the valve timing rationally, designing a set of gas supply system rationally for engine to make it suits biogas with low density,low energy. Software GT Power was used to do simulation experiment on part structural parameters for relevant improvement program of engine based on the gasoline engine with cylinder diameter 102mm, piston stroke 114mm, length of connecting rod 203mm, volume3.71 L, and we found out the most appropriate structure parameters, such as valve timing. In contrast to engine using biomass pyrolysis gas directly before retrofitting, the maximum power increased to 50kW from pre-improvement only 18kW; the maximum torque increased to 196 N-m from pre-improvements 72 N-m. Paper also analyzed the economy of solid biomass fuel automobile, the result showed that the expense of burning biomass is only about one-third～one-second in contrast to using gasoline.Results of this research will have important guiding significance and reference value in researching and developing various new automobile using solid biomass fuel and retrofitting existing automobile to adapt solid biomass fuel, also provide technology foundation and references for the further study in this filed in future.