| Fruit tree is a kind of cash crop, the purpose to product fruit is to acquire higher economic efficiency. In recent years, the benefit from fruit production is greatly decreasing. This cut down farmers' incomes, and holds back the economic development of Shaanxi province, one of main reasons is the not good quality of fruit. Fertilization in orchards is a very important management measure for gaining and improving the quality of fruit. In order to make clear the present statue of fertilization in orchards in Shaanxi province, we investigated the base situation of fertilization and irrigation in orchards of apple pear or kiwifruit in some area, where the three fruit trees was planted on large scale, we also gather samples of 1-100cm soil from 10 typical orchards in BaiShui country and analyzed the content of nutrients of these soil samples. The results show we the situation of fertilization and soil nutrients. By the situation, we designed the trial in three orchards, including five treatments with the same level nitrogen fertilizer and phosphors fertilizer, but different level potassium fertilizer. The purposes is to compare the discrepancy of yield quality soil nutrients and tree nutrients among different treatments, determine fertilization scheme suited orchards in Shaaxi province, give reasonable advices as a approach to improve the quality of fruit. Primarily study result as followsThe yield, fertilization and other management techniques of main fruit trees were investigated in Shaanxi province, the results showed that the yield and fertilizer rate of apple were much different between regions, the yield of apple was low . The nitrogen and phosphors fertilizers were excessive in 40% orchards, but 20% orchards did not applied any fertilizers, especially potassium fertilizer and organic manure (80%) .The yield and fertilizer rate in pear and kiwifruit orchards had not much different, nitrogen and phosphors fertilizer was seriously excessive in pear orchardsC 82% and 65%), while potassium fertilizer and organic manure were very insufficient (70% and 80%) . There was no indications of excessive fertilization in kiwifruit orchards, but potassium fertilizer was still inadequate.Nutrients of 0-100cm soil layers of 10 typical orchard were measured in BaiShui county Shaanxi province = Results as follows, Organic matter and total N are lower, but available P was very higher in surface layer, and available K was a litter higher, but they were very low in lowlayer. The content of Cu and Zn was higher, but the content of Fe and Mn was lower. Nitrogen fertilizer and phosphors fertilizer were used exceeded, the NO3-N in orchard soil was higher than in the farmland. The ratio of N input in nitrogen fertilizer to N output in fruit was 5.18,and the ratio of P2O5 input in phosphors fertilizer to P2O5 output in fruit was 9.18. The potassium fertilizer was applied inadequately, the ratio of K2O input in potassium fertilizer to K2O output in fruit was 0.96. So decreasing the rate of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer, and increasing potassium fertilizer was necessary.With the same lever nitrogen and phosphors fertilizers, different lever potassium fertilizers were applied , the yield of apple , pear and kiwifruit increased obviously by 11.6%, 19.7%, 17.1% respectively, and NP+K2SO4 (1.25kg diamonium orthophosphate 0.76kg urea, andl.0kg KC1 1.2kg K2SO4)is best for apple, NP+KCl+CaSO4( 1.25kg diamonium orthophosphate 0.76kg urea, andl.Okg KC1 fP 0.85kg CaSO4) for pear, and NP+2K2SO4(1.25kg diamonium orthophosphate 0.76kg urea, and2.4kg K2SO4) for kiwifruit. Different potassium fertilizers were used, the first class fruit and 2/3 red fruit of apple, soluble solid state, soluble sugar, vitamins c, sugar acid ratio, hardness were increased, total acid was decreased. Different potassium fertilizers were used, length of new twigs was decreased, weight of 100 leaves, total chlorophyll and the size of fruit were increased .After comparing the effect of increasing yield, enhancing quality and economic efficiency,...
|
PDF Full Text Request