Genetic Diversity Of Chinese Wheat Landraces

To assess the genetic diversity of Chinese wheat landraces from gliadin, starch and DNA aspects, 3612 accessions of the primary core collection from 13976 accessions Chinese wheat landraces and 145 introduced accessions were chosed for gliadin, starch and SSR analyses.1. The standard gliadin fingerprints and database of 3612 accessions were made by using the ISTA standard A-PAGE method, which could be used in the identification of the varieties.2. There were 114 different mobility gliadin bands. The variation range of the frequency distribution and diversity index were 0.027%-99.55% and 0025-0.693, respectively. Of them,co region had most bands(40), but P regions had the highest diversity index (0.461)3. Analyzed the gliadin bands from ecotypes and provinces and found: Hexizoulong and Yinningguanqu had the highest diversity index(0.371 and 0.358, respectively), Xibuganhan and Dongbushirun had the lowest (0.170 and 0.128, respectively); Provinces of Gansu, Xizang and Qinghai were 0.363 -, 0.361 and 0.345 respectively. Other provinces such as Heilongjiang, Liaoning and Guangxi had lower diversity index (0.197^ 0.234> 0.241 respectively).4. The common wheats of 145 introduced accessions had 92 bands and higher diversity index(0.338) than the average of 10 ecotype (0.320). The cone wheats of the introduced had 101 gliadin bands and the diversity index was 0.344.5. The first-grade core collection was constructed by multi-clustering on the basis of the results of gliadin, including 369 accessions which could represent 98% percent of the genetic diversity of the primary core collection^ 14 bands and 0.344 (H)).6. The wide variety of diverse starch characteristics were observed among 95 accessions, including starch pasting properties, gel texture, swelling volume and amylose content From 95 landraces, the six accessions were selected for quality improvement (ZM004862, ZM005328, ZM010667, ZM020515, ZM012098, ZM001366).7. 14 selected microsatellite markers were highly polymorphic for 86 accessions, for average alleles per SSR marker, genome B(7.17) >genome A(6.25)>genome D(5.6); and for polymorphism information cotent (PIC), genome B(0.731) >genome D(0.624)>genome A(0.551) especially the markers from B genome had the highest mean value of PIC.