| The research was carried on platform of "China National Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Efficiency Long-term Monitoring Network" (CNSFFELTMN) from 2001 to 2003 to investigate the effects of the long-term fertilization on soil fertility, yields and qualities of crops. The main results are as follows:1. As for wheat quality: Fertilization plays important role on crop qualities. The wheat grain qualities of treatments of Long-term-no-fertilizer (CK) and N-applying only did not decline markedly. Long-term-no-N -fertilizing (PK), the wheat grain quality declined significantly. Compared with CK, the treatments of NPK combined fertilization and NPK cooperated with farm yard manure (FYM), can improve the dough stability, anti-extensogram ability, and starch viscosity. Chemical fertilizer had much more positive effects on increase amino acid contents than FYM. Returning of crop straw back into field had positive effects on increasing grain seed weight, protein and amino acid content. Long-term FYM applying only did not express positive effects on increase of grain quality.Soil types cooperated together with their climate ecological environments affected crop quality significantly too. Because of the special environment, wheat yielded from Purple soil had worst comprehensive qualities. Compared with CK, NPKM, NPKS, in Purplish Soil, when increase the CI rate, many quality indexes of wheat were improved to some extent. The wheat yielded from Red Soil had a higher contents of protein, total and essential amino acid, obviously. On average, the stability time of wheat dough from Drab Fluvo-aquic Soil was the longest (16.5 minutes), and while which from Fluvo-aquic Soil was the shortest (only 4.7 minutes).2. As for corn quality: Long-term fertilization had significant effects on corn qualities. P had more important effects on corn qualities than K. Compared with CK, long-term N-applying only could improve the corn nutrition, but decrease the flour ash content and starch viscosity. NPK combined fertilization and NPK cooperated with farm yard manure (FYM) could increase the content of protein and amino acid, increase crude fat content, and improve the starch viscosity, compared with imbalance fertilization such as N, NP, NK, PK treatments. The returning of crop straw back into field couldincrease the kilo-seed weight and crude fat, improve corn nutrition.Corn qualities showed great differences in different types of soils. The kilo-seed weight of the corn yielded from Black Soil was higher than those form the other soil types, while the contents of Lysine, Threonine, Isleucine, and starch viscosity all decreased. The corn yielded from Red Soil had a better nutrition, but relatively whose protein. The total and essential amino acid contents of Red soil were all higher than those from the other soil types.3. As for rice quality: Long-term N-applying only could improve rice qualities to a certain extent contrast with CK. P did not increase the rice quality markedly. NPK combined fertilization and NPK cooperated with farm yard manure (FYM) could increase the qualities of grinding, grain appearance, nutrition, and improve the qualities of braising, cooking and edibility. And also, the effect of the former was better than the latter. Inorganic N-applying had positive effect on the increase of the Lysine content.Rice yielded from Paddy Soil had a better qyality than that from Purple Soil. Contrast to CK, treatment of FYM only could improve the rice quality in Paddy Soil, while which from Purplish soil showed contrary. In Purplish soil, compared with CK, stalk recycling in field, rotation of rice and rape, and increasing Cl dosage etc., all could improve rice quality to a certain extent.4. Fertilization could increase crop yield. Long-term imbalance fertilization of N, NK, PK, and NP could not get persisting high crop yields. Balance fertilization of N, P, K could get bumper harvest, while NPK and FYM jointly use could get higher yields than NPK treatment.For the same crop, it could receive a...
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