| The experiment was carried out in pot culture method with two wheat varieties at the experimental farm of Shandong Agricultural University from 2001 to 2003. The effect of two types of soil base and four nutrient level (Which contains 4 treatment) on growth and development, yield and its componet, photosynthetic feature, grain quality and WUE was studied, simultaneously, the effect of three irrigation methods on yield and WUE was primarily studied. The result were as follows:1. High soil fertility and applying more fertilizer are significant for improving yield of winter wheat under water-saving-culture condition. The result shows: when the fertility raises from treatment1 to treatment 2, the yield can improve by 22.53%~28.5%, which means the yield can improve 191.85~235.50kg/ha when the soil organic matter improve by 0.1% .On the basis of treatment 2, to apply 240kg N, 120kg P2O5 and 112.5kg K2O per ha. can improve the yield only by 5.31~7.35%(412.80~562.05kg/ha). The yield can improve by 6.65~12.26%(544.65~1006.5kg/ha) by adding 60000kg/ha organic fertilizer on the basis of treatment 3.Two reason of the improving of yield can be reached from the experiment. First, the population of the whole growth stage is improved and spikes per mu is significantly enhanced. Second, LAI and photosynthetic potential which lead to high grain weight was significantly improved from flaging stage to maturing stage. The analysis of physiological and biochemical index shows: Treatment 4 has the highest content of soluble sugar, sucrose, free amino acid, soluble protein in flag leaves and whole plant. Treatment 3 is the second high and treatment 1 is the lowest. The content of Ch1 the photosynthetic rate and the energy exchanging efficiency of flag leaves varies in the same pattern with the above index. The CAT activity is enhanced and the ascending time ofMDA content is delayed on high fertility soil or under fertilizer applying condition. We can conclude that high fertility soil and fertilizer applying can promote photosynthetic rate and Carbon-Nitrogen metabolism, and delay the renascences progress. Thus get a high yield. 2. High soil fertility and fertilizer applying can improve grain protein yield. The result shows: High soil fertility base and fertilizer applying and improve the content of grain protein. Grain protein content of treatment 2 is 17.29% higher than treatment 1. With 240kg N,120kg P2O5 and 112.5kg K2O added on the base of treatment 2, grain protein content of treatment 3 is raised by 6.31~11.77% in comparison to treatment 2. With 60000 kg/ha organic fertilizer added, grain protein content is raised only by 1.66~1.99%.High soil fertility and fertilizer applying can improve the content of Globulin, gliadin and gluten in. The sedimentation volume and content of wet gluten are obviously improved, but the gluten index is decreased. This denotes that high soil fertility base and fertilizer applying can improve the content but decline the quality of gluten.As for the content of starch, high soil fertility base increases the content of starch and Amylopectin. And the low soil base or the applying of organic fertilizer increases Amylose content and the Amylose/ Amylopectin ratio.The analysis of farinogram and RVA index shows: high soil fertility base and fertilizer applying can prolong the dough development time, stability time, break down time, peak time and improve final viscosity,trough viscosity, peak viscosity, set back value. But it can only prolong the dough developing time, stability time, break down time, but decline the peak time, final viscosity,Peak viscosity,set back value of Lumai21. These facts tell that the effect of soil fertility base and fertilizer on wheat quality is different because of different varieties.3.The result of the research on WUE shows: when the soil fertility level raise from treatment 1 to treatment 2, WUE of Zimai 12 raise from21.15kg/mm·ha to 23.1kg/mm·ha, and WUE of Lumai 21 from 18.75kg/ mm·ha to 24.15kg/mm·ha. The rasing band is 9.22~2...
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