Effect Of Different Soil Fertility And Cultivation Technique With Water-saving On Yield And WUE Of Wheat

In order to investigate the effect of soil fertility and irrigation quantity on comprehensive index with high yield cultivation of wheat, to provide a theoretical basis for water saving and high yield cultivation, this test study on the effect of index such on growth, yield components, photosynthetic capacity, quality and WUE of two cultivars, the main results were as follow:1. The yield of winter wheat was improved with the increasing of soil fertility and irrigation quality, followed by High fertility and sufficient water (T1) > High fertility and limited water (T2)>Medium fertility and sufficient water (T3)> Medium fertility and limited water (T4)> Low fertility and sufficient water (T5)> Low fertility and limited water (T6), to J20 and L21, the yield of T1 increased by 79.94% and 65.20% compared with T6, but the yield of T2 increased by 0.68% and 1.61% compared with T3, they were no significant difference; improved of population storage capacity and prolonged of LAD after anthesis were the direct cause of yield increased. The yield of high fertility of J20 increased by 7.58 % and 58.73 % compared with medium fertility and low fertility, and the medium fertility increased by 47.55 % compared with low fertility,and Lu mai 21 respectively 7.16%, 48.48%,38.55 %;the yield of J20 in full irrigation increased by 10.14% compared with limited irrigation,L21 yield increased 8.61 %.It was proved that soil fertility and irrigation quantity had effect of synergistic interactionon the yield of wheat, and effect of soil fertility more than irrigation quantity, but when the oil fertility is reached high level, Water saving irrigation can be obtained the same with medium output fertility and full irrigation2. Grain protein content, protein yield, Water absorption and the content of amino acid could be improved significantly with the increase of soil fertility. In the mean time, dough development time and stability time extended significantly too; zeleny sedimentation volume and wet gluten content were no significant difference in high fertility and medium fertility,and were significant difference respectively with low fertility. Grain protein content and wet gluten content were increased significantly with limited irrigation in medium fertility and low fertility, irrigation quantity had no obvious effect on grain protein content in high fertility; dough stability of medium fertility and low fertility time was as follows: full irrigation>limited irrigation, but with high fertility was inversely correlated;irrigation quantity had no obvious effect on water absorption, zeleny sedimentation volume,dough development time and stability time.There exists a significant difference between grain quality of different genotype cultivars.3. Under population condition, WUE of two cultivars shown as T2>T4> T1>T3>T6>T5,and there were significant difference. In all treatments,WUE of J20 had the variation range between 9.89 kg·hm^-2·mm^-119.56 kg·hm^-2·mm^-1, WUE of T2 was relatively higher than T5 by 97.78%, WUE of L21 had the variation range between10.31 kg·hm^-2·mm^-119.40 kg·hm^-2·mm^-1, and WUE of T2 was relatively improved 88.17%. the result showed that scientific composition between soil fertility and irrigation quality is one of the important measure for mutual improvement of yield and WUE. effect of soil fertility on WUE more than irrigation quality, when irrigation water remained constant, J20 and L21 in high fertility respectively increased by 61.22% and 51.8% compared with low fertility by 10.56 % and 10.15 % compared with medium fertility, in medium fertility respectively increased by 45.84 % and 36.95 % compared with low fertility. WUE in limited irrigation respectively increased by 24.41% and 26.15% compared with full irrigation. The results indicated that fertilizing the soil fertility can effectively improve WUE.4. LDA, Pn, Fv/Fm andФPSâ…¡in chlorophy PSâ…¡system of different location leaves after unfolding were promoted with increased of soil fertility and irrigation quantity. But the effect of soil fertility on LAD,Pn,ФPSâ…¡and Fv/Fm was more sensitive than irrigation.As the Leaves start time goes on, Pn,ФPSâ…¡and Fv/Fm of top three leaves, all show the general trend of first and then decreased, the maximum value appear between 10 and 30 days after leaf spreads out, and the 4th top leaf appear when unfolding. SOD and CAT activity and MDA content of different location leaves were no obvious difference in high and medium fertility, but the relatively large disparity between low fertility and high fertility; they were as follows in low fertility: full irrigation>limited irrigation, and had no evident effect in high fertility. As the time go by, SOD and CAT activity presented the downward trend, which descending rate of upper leaves was less than lower leaf,but MDA content was inversely correlated. Coupling effect of soil fertility and irrigation quality has regulation effect on chlorophyll content, nitrogen content and nitrogen output amount of leaf.5. Different irrigation methods and film mulching notably raise yield and WUE under two kinds of cropping conditions, however different responses were observed for individual cultivars and infiltrating depths. Contrasting to the uncovered surface wetting, the yield of 20 cm infiltrating irrigation with film mulching was improved 13.67 %¹1.18 % and WUE increased 14.59 %¹2.08 % in an open-air; the yield and WUE increased 20.16% and 22.57%(20cm infiltrating irrigation adds film mulching) respectively in control condition, the 40 cm infiltrating irrigation had gently higher yield than 20 cm infiltrating,but no significant difference.Irrigation methods and film mulching have remarkable effect on green area of stem, leaf and spike and their proportion,non-leaf photosynthetic organs occupy proportion of total green area between 60.84%-64.53% in the flowering stage.6. WUE have big difference under different test conditions. With the same cultivars and soil fertility, total water only increase 22.48mm, the average WUE was up to 26.06 kg m-3.m^-2 in the open air , but it was 13.48kg m-3.m^-2,relatively improved 93.32% which was planted in the rainproof bottom-covered cannulation.The study indicated that deep soil water had important effect in water-saving cultivation.Under population cultivation without bottom sealing in the same soil fertility, WUE of two cultivars were respectively 15.08 kg hm^-2 mm^-1and 15.25 kg hm^-2 mm^-1,and have reduced 42.13% and 39.94% when WUE in tube cultivation were respectively 26.06 kg hm^-2 mm^-1 and 25.31 kg hm^-2 mm^-1.The results shown that there have difference between Pond plant and tube cultivation.