| In the selected Kaokaolaigou watershed at Erdos plateau in the Inner Mongolia , Considering main limits to the natural environment characteristics and land use in the research area, it aimed to compute carrying capacity for the water and soil resources with GIS technology. Different models were used to simulate soil water replenishment , plant productivity and the capacity of land. The main results were as follows.The distributed water balanced model which included evapotranspiration model, rainoff model and infiltration model had been set up to simulate soil water replenishment. The results of simulation showed that: The soil water replenishment and the potential evapotranspiration were different in different slope and aspect conditions. The soil water replenishment decreased from 433 millimeter to 333 millimeter when the slope increased from 0?to 20?, but when the slope exceeded20°,the soil water replenishment showed the tendency of increase.The results of soil water replenishment and Net Primary Productivity model were used to simulate plant productivity. At the same time the results were tested which shows that: The model can simulate the spatial distribution of plant productivity. The simulated value and the measured value achieve 0.05 evident correlation. The simulated coefficient of seventy percent of samples exceeded 0.8The results of simulated potential land resource productivity, the population capacity of land and the livestock capacity of the meadow in research region showed that: under middle consumed conditions, the maximum population was 135 persons per square kilometers ,and the realistic population capacity in 2003 was 6 persons per square kilometers in research area. The maximum livestock capacity was 118 goats per square kilometers, and the realistic livestock capacity was 84 goats per square kilometers in research area.This study will offer scientific basis and important consults to combat desertification ,and it is import in theory and reality.
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