| Some principal factors affecting the efficiency on culture in vitro of sugarcane were studied systematically. At the same time, Agro-bacterium tumefaciens mediated genetic transformation of sugarcane. The results indicated that:1. Basic media were selected in tissue culture of sugarcane, MS basic medium was adaptable better to callus induction, subculture and green plantlet differentiation. While N6 basic medium was easy to induce root in callus induction.2. 2,4-D is necessary hormone of inducted callus and embryoge-nic callus. When 2,4-Dconcentration was 1.0-3.0mg/L, application of different concentration of 2,4-D alternatively could improve the quality of calli and embryogenic callus induction.3. 10-15ml/L concentration of CM in callus induction medium could increase the rate of callus induction and the quality of calli.4. Added 40mg/L Arginine in callus induction medium could increased the rate of callus induction. The rate of callus induction of ROC 10 and ROC22 were 87% and 90%. They were higher than the rate of callus induction of the treatment that were not added Amino Acid and added Tryptophane or proline.5. 0.25g/L AC or 80-100mg/L AA was added to subculture medium could decrease the callus browning.6. The rate of green plantlet differentiation was to maximuin in the subculture of first time about 10 days. The rate was decreasedwith the prolongation time for the subculture and the subculture times increasing.7. The callus induction media had obvious residual action on effecting the differentiation of green plantlet. MS+2.0 mg/L2,4-D+ 0.1 mg/LKT was suitable to the differentiation for ROC 10, while MS+ 2.0 mg/L2,4-D+40mg/L Proline for ROC20 and ROC26.8. Different hormone categories, concentrations and their combinations to callus induction showed different effects. The treatment of 2.0mg/L2,4-D+0.5 mg/LKT showed the highest rate of callus induction (86%) for ROC22, while the highest rate of callus induction (85%) of ROC26 was the treatment with 2.0mg/L2,4-D+0.2 mg/LKT.9. The effects of different hormone categories, concentrations and their combinations to the differentiation of green plantlet were different. The highest of average differentiation rate of treatment was MS+2.0mg/L KT +2.0mg/L 6-BA+0.2mg/LNAA.10. Different hormone categories, concentrations and their combinations to green plantlet multiplication showed different effects. The highest of green plantlet multiplication rate of treatment was MS+1.5mg/L KT+ 2.0 mg/L6-BA to ROC22 and ROC26, MS+2.0 mg/LKT+2.0 mg/L6-BA +0.2mg/LNAA to 95-168.11. Liquid culture was better than solid culture on the enriched culture of green plantlet.12. Subculture times affected multiplication rate of green plantlet, it was the maximum when green plantlet was subcultured for 2 times to ROC26 and 95-168, 3 times to ROC22.13. There were different requirements with different hormone categories and concentration in the test on root induction and sound seeding of sugarcane. l.Omg/LNAA or 2.0mg/LIBA was better toROC22, while 0.5mg/LNAA or l.Omg/LIBA was better to ROC26.14. NAA or IB A combined with MET was suitable than only used NAA or IBA in the test on root induction and sound seeding of sugarcane. 1.0mg/LNAA+0.5mg/LMET or 1 .Omg/LIBA+0.5mg/L MET showed suitable for ROC22, while 2.0mg/LNAA+0.5mg/L MET or 1.0mg/LIBA+0.5mg/LMET was suitable for ROC26.15. Subculture times affected the rate of embryogenic callus induction, the rate of embryogenic callus induction was the maximum when the callus was subcultured for 2 times. The rate of embryogenic callus induction of ROC 10 and ROC was 2245.56% and 31.11%.16. Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated 208SE genetic transformation of calli of sugarcane, the GUS gene could be showed immediately in the test. The rate of GUS gene expression was 3%-15%, the differentiation of green plantlet was 50.00%-78.05%.
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