| The molecular basis of heterosis or hybrid vigor is poorly understood despite its perceived importance in evolution and practical significance in breeding programs that aim to increase yield of crop plants. Many studies have showed that gene expression in hybrid Fl alters obviously as compared to their parental inbreds , but for further elucidation of the molecular mechanism of heterosis, those differentially expressed genes between hybrid Fl and its parental inbreds need to be cloned and characterised.By using cDNA amplified fragment length polymorphism (cDNA-AFLP), one thousand cDNA fragments that are differentilally expressed between heterotic wheat hybrid Fl(nongda3338 x jingdong6) and its parents were isolated. Confirmed by reverse Northern blot , thirty-two ESTs expressed differentially in hybrid and its parents were cloned and sequenced. GenBank search indicated that twenty -two genes were involved in metabolic pathways including photosynthesis(one gene), fatty acid metabolism(three genes), protein catabolism(two genes), amino acid metabolism(two genes), regulatory protein(one gene), transmembrane transport(one gene), energy conversion(four genes), signal transduction(five genes), storage protein(one gene), cytoskeleton(one gene) and cell cycle(one gene). There are additional ten cDNA fragments with unknown functions. The results suggest that many different kinds of genes may participate in heterosis. Further studies are needed to isolate the full-length cDNAs of those differentially expressed genes and analyze their possible function leading to heterosis, so one ORF of the gene what is called 14-3-3 protein has been obtained by in silico cloning..
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