| Based on surveying hydrological and ecological characters of canopy, debris and soil of different vegetations in eastern of Heilongjiang province by methods of located experiment. The results showed that:In different vegetation types, The relationships of liner, exponential function, power function and quadratic equation were marked, between precipitation with throughfall ,crowen interception, interception rate and stemflow rate. About crown interception , the korean pine plantation was the best. And the stemflow of larch-ash natural forest was the highest.The water-holding capacity of shrub-grass layer under canopy was inferior. The water-holding capacity of litters in different vegetations ranged from 1.41 to 6.40mm, korean pine plantation was the best.The improve of water conservation abilities of soil were marked in each forests compared with young forest land. The maximum water storage and available water storages of better than the young forest land. The soil infiltration property of all stands were high except the young forest land. Especially the surface soil of filbert bushes and arbor-shrub type larch-ash forest were superior. The function were marked. There was close correlation between soil moisture and precipitation. The collectivity change law was the trend of high-low-high-low. Based on characters of soil moisture changes in vertical, it can be divided into variation layer, buffer layer and stability layer. On the base investigating and analyzing the hydrological action of two kinds of larch-ash natural forests, the result indicated that the water-holding capacity can improve markedly for retained shrub-grass layer and make forest configure reasonable.Through the study on different vegetation types, we can elicite that filbert bushes have a favorable function to surface soil physical feature. The water conservation ability of arbor-shrub type larch-ash forest was the best, coniferous forests are rather lower.
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