Effects Of Environmental Factors On The Immune Activity And Antioxidant Enzyme Activity

This paper summarized effects of environmental factors on the immune activity and antioxidant enzyme activity, discussed mainly the following theses: (1) The influence of sudden change of salinity and pH on immune activity of two spieces of shrimps. (2) Effect of temperature on immune parameters of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. (3) Effect of ammonia-N on the immune parameters of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei.(4)Effects of Heavy Metal Ions on antioxidant enzyme activities of Tissue of the Crab Eriocheir sinensis.1, The influence of sudden change of salinity and pH on immune activity of Penaeus chinensis and Penaeus vannamei. The results show that the influence of sudden change of salinity and pH on antibacterial activity and phenoloxidase activity of two species shrimps is very respective(P<0.05). The influence of sudden change of salinity on bacteriolytic activity is very respective too(P<0. 05), and that of sudden change of low pH is distinct, but that of sudden change of high pH is no distinct. The antibacterial activity of two species shrimps decrease and the phenoloxidase activity increases as the value of sudden change increases, but the bacteriolytic activity decrease as the value of sudden change salinity and low pH increases. As the time of sudden change of salinity and pH increases, the antibacterial activity of two species shrimps of experimental group decreases, the phenoloxidase activity increases, and the immune indexs of the no sudden change experiment terms are not respective. In every expremental group, antibacterial activity and bacteriolytic activity of Penaeus vannamei is higher than that of Penaeus chinensis , but thephenoloxidase activity of Penaeus vannamei is lower than that of Penaeus chinensis.2. Effect of temperature on immune parameters of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. The results indicated that temperature change had a significant effect on total haemocyte count (THC), the phenoloxidase, bacteriolytic and antibacterial activities in the haemolymph (F>F0.05). No mater sudden changed to higher or lower temperature, the bigger the change value is the greater the immunological parameters changed. During the experiment, every immunological parameters show peak changes, but the times when they reach their peaks and the times when they incline to stabilization do not synchronize. Haemocyte numbers reached the minima at the first day, and became stable after the third day or the ninth day, and it positive related to temperature in the temperature range of this experiment; Phenoloxidase activities reached highest at the first day, and became stable after the third day or the sixth day, and then each experimental group have no marked differentia with the control group, except the 18 group, which notably higher than the control group. Bacteriolytic activities reached minima at the twelfth hour or the first day, and every experimental group became stable after the third day. The groups that sudden changed to higher temperature had no marked differentia with the control group, while the groups that sudden changed to lower temperature had marked differentia. And the lower the temperature is the lower the bacteriolytic activity is. Antibacterial activities reached minima at the sixth hour, the twelfth hour and the first day, and became stable after the sixth day, and had distinct differentia between them. The numerical value order of them are 3. Effect of ammonia-N on the immune parameters of the white shrimpLitopenaeus vannamei. The average body length of shrimp is 8. 5+0. 5cm and six ammonia-N levels of 0.12?. ( 0. 53?.02, 1.08+0.10, 1.48 ?.05, 2. 06+0. 07 2. 58 + 0. 04mg 1"' were established. The results indicated that ammonia-N had a significant effect on total haemocyte count (THC), the phenoloxidase, bacteriolytic and antibacterial activities in the haemolymph (F>Fo.os). As the ammonia-N concentration increased, the THC, bacteriolytic and antibacterial activities decreased, while the phenoloxidase activity increased gradually. As the time of sampling in...