| The effects of sowing date, plant density, nitrogen application amount and basal: top dressing N ratio on grain yield and quality in six-rowed feeding barley variety Yangsimai 1 and two-rowed Yangsimai 3 and the relationship between carbon-nitrogen metabolism were studied on the experiment field of Crop Cultivation and Physiology Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University from 2001-2003. The cultivation approaches for high grain yield and good quality were suggested. The main results were as follows.1 Effects of cultivation measures on grain yield in feeding barley Cultivation measures could significantly affect grain yield of feeding barley. Theeffect of sowing date on grain yield was significantly related to the characteristics of varieties. Sowing on suitable date (on October 26) for two varieties could achieve high grain yield. The treatment with 225 104 plants/ hm2 could result in the highest grain yield for both varieties. Ear number increased with the increase of plant density, but the number of grains per ear and grain weight decreased. The effects of nitrogen on grain yield were related to the difference of the characteristics in fertilizer demand between two varieties. Under the same basal: top dressing nitrogen ratio, the grain yield for Yangsimai 1 decreased with the increase of nitrogen application amount, while for Yangsimai 3, it increased . Under the same nitrogen application amount, the grain yield, ear number and grain heavy of Yangsimai 3 increased with the rising of top dressing N. The proper grain yield components for Yangsimai 1 was: 600 104 ears/hm2, 50 grains per ear, 22g 1000-grain weight, and for Yangsimai3: 800 104 ears/hm2, 25 grains/ear and 36g 1000-grain weight.2 Effects of cultivation measures on grain protein, lysine and starch content Protein content, protein accumulation amount and protein accumulation rate ingrains increased with the increase of nitrogen application amount and top dressing N ratio or with the proper decrease of plant density. So did lysine content, lysine accumulation amount and lysine accumulation rate. Sowing on suitable date could increase grain protein content. Grain starch content decreased with the increase of nitrogen application amount and top dressing N ratio. Increasing plant density and postponing sowing date could decrease grain starch content. Amylose, amylopectin contents and their ratio were significantly different among treatments.3 Effects of cultivation measures on carbon-nitrogen metabolismN content in plants reached its peak at tillering stage, then gradually decreased with growth and development. Total soluble sugar content was high at tillering stage and on the 14th day after anthesis. Decreasing nitrogen application amount or top dressing N ratio or increasing plant density could significantly increase total soluble sugar content and C/N ratio in plants, but decrease N content in plants. Properly high N absorption and accumulation amount was beneficial to the formation of protein and lysine, and high total soluble sugar content and C/N ratio could result in high starch content and grain yield. Nitrogen accumulation amount at maturity was significantly positively correlated with grain protein content, lysine content and grain yield, but negatively correlated with grain starch content.4 Culti vat ion techn iques for high grain yield and good qua I i ty in feeding barley It could be concluded that the treatment of 225 X 104 plants /hm2, 150 kg N /hm2,the proportion of N applied before sowing, at tillering stage and at elongation stage 5:2:3 and sowing on October 26th for six-rowed barley variety Yangsimail could result in high grain yield and good quality, while for two-rowed barley variety Yangsimai 3, 225 X104 plants /hm2, 225kg N /hm2, the proportion of N applied before sowing, at tillering stage and at elongation stage 3:3:4 and sowing on October 26th could result in high grain yield and good quality.
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