Studies On Biological And Genetic Characteristics In Eustoma Grandiflorum

Firstly, studies were made on biological characteristics of Lisianthus: By using the diffrerent time of planting seeds, the growth differences were compared. Vegetative organs and reproductive organs were observed with a microscope. Floral development, the megasporogenesis, and development of embryos and endosperms were observed microscopically after making FAA-fixed paraffin sections. The growth pattern of a flower was analyzing from data of perianth growth. Pollen germination was observed with a fluorescence microscope. Germination characteristics of seeds were investigated under controlled conditions of illumination, moisture and temperature.The results that studies were made on biological characteristics are as followed. In northern regions where it is very cold in winter, the best sowing time of seeds ranged from November to December in a greenhouse. The growth in diameter of a perianth on primary and second branches showed a pattern of S shape. Growth in diameter and length of a perianth was rapid during a first half of a growth period but slower during a second half. Floral development in both types of flowers, i.e., single and double flowers, was divided into five stages in view of the beginning of following events: Appearance of (Stage 1) flower buttress and the initiation of development, (Stage 2) sepal primordia, (Stage 3) petal primordia, (Stage 4) stamen primordia, and (Stage 5) gynoecium primordia. In double flowers, their type of flower shape were corolla repeated The development of female gametophyte was of Polygonum type, and mature seeds only developed during a late period of globular embryo stage. Time of soaking seeds required for best germination was 48 hours. A high rate of seed germination was shown at 20 to 25 C in light conditions and healthy seedlings were produced.Secondly, studies were made on genetic characteristics of flower color and shape.1. Pigments in petals were examined by peak values of absorbance measured with a UV photometer. Peak absorbance of pigments from purple petals and pink petals were suggested the presence of cyanine. Peak absorbance of pigments from white petals was suggested the presence of flavonoids. Pigments from red petals showed two peaks, suggesting a mixture of flavonoids and cyanine. Pigments from green petals was caused by chlorophylls.2. The process of mitosis and meiosis in root tips and anthers in a perianth, whose length was 7 to 8mm, were observed by using a method to make slices for chromosome observation. The results showed that number of chromosome was 72.3. Inheritance characteristics of flower color was carried out using full-turns mating model. From the expression in individuals of progenies, it was suggested that crosses between differentlines with the same flower color produced progenies having the same color with that of parents. Purple color was obviously a dominant characteristic. Crosses between different lines with different flower color produced progenies having color between that of parents, but the color intensity tended to resemble that of a parent showing a darker color.4. Using flower shapes of four varieties (clock form, funnel form, cup form and flat form) that had distinct characteristic, three stepwise comparison models were proposed. These models could help to show flower shape of unknown varieties.5. The genetic characteristics of four shapes were determined tentatively through the results of hybridization. Crosses between clock form and funnel form produced progenies with funnel form, even in a reciprocal crossing. Crosses between clock form and flat form produced progenies with clock form. Crosses between cup form and flat form produced progenies with cup form.