Study On Effect Of Deep-Layer Application Of Fertilizer At The Whole Growing Period On Yield And Quality Of Rice

Proceeding mainly from existing position of N-fertilizer in the soil and corresponding effects arising from here, comparison of dynamic of change of growth and development among different treatments, including tillering, chlorophyll content, leaf area index, accumulation amount of dry matter, dynamic change of N-nutrition in plant and different organs(leaf, stem and sheath, panicle) of it at grain filling stage under different treatments, effects of different treatments on amount of N-absorption in plant at grain filling(initial, middle, end) and maturing stage under different treatments, comparison of utilization ratio of Nitrogen at grain maturing stage under different treatments, comparison of yield and its components under different treatments, comparison of protein content, amylose content and taste value of rice under different treatments, the effect of 4 different kinds of fertilizer application methods(DAF, TAF, SAF and NF) on yield formation and quality of rice in cold field were emphasizely studied with the material Dongnong423. The results were showed as follows:(1)Down-layer fertilization is feasible at the whole growing period,and it enabled the N-fertilizer applied to reach the expected position , promoted the growth of rice at the primary stage smoothly and the growth of rice at the late stage predominately ,prolonged the stage of effective tiller, increased effective tillers, enhanced chlorophyll content, leaf area index and accumulation amount of dry matter . (2)Tendency of amount of N-contented in leaf, in stem and sheath and panicle is as followed at initial and middle grain filling stage: SAF＞TAF＞DAF＞NF,however,Tendency of amount of N-contented in leaf, in stem and sheath and panicle is as followed at end grain filling stage: DAF＞TAF＞SAF＞NF .(3)Amount of N-absorption in leaf, in stem and sheath and panicle of DAF was all lower than those of TAF and SAF at initial and middle grain filling stage, but the percentage of amount of N-absorption in leaf, in stem and sheath compared to N-absorption in plant in this treatment was higher than those of the treatments TAF and SAF. Nevertheless, the percentage of amount of N-absorption in panicle compared to N-absorption in plant in this treatment was lower than those of the treatments TAF and SAF; Amount of N-absorption in leaf, in stem and sheath and panicle of DAF was all higher than those of TAF and SAF at end grain filling and maturing stage, and the percentage of amount of N-absorption in leaf, in stem and sheath compared to N-absorption in plant in this treatment was higher than those of the treatments TAF and SAF. Nevertheless, the percentage of amount of N-absorption in panicle compared to N-absorption in plant in this treatment was lower than those of the treatments TAF and SAF.(4)The utilization ratio of N-absorbed all reached a significant level among different treatments(P＜0.01).Among these treatments, the utilization ratio of N-absorbed of DAF was the highest, amounting to 60.63%, and TAF's was the second, reaching 44.78%, while SAF's was the lowest, reaching 38.28%. (5)The results of variance analysis showed: yield, protein content of different treatments all reached a significant level(P＜0.01).And also tendency of yield and protein content under different treatments were as follows: DAF＞TAF＞SAF＞NF; Amylose content, taste value of different treatments all reached a significant level(P＜0.01).And also tendency of amylose content, taste value of different treatments were as follows: NF＞SAF＞TAF＞DAF.(6)Down-layer fertilization at the whole growing period can increased yield , panicles, and grains per panicle of rice , however, it decreased seed setting rate and 103-grain weight; And also it can enhanced protein content of rice, reduced amylase content and taste value of rice, which make cooking and eating quality of rice decline comparatively,but can still reach national standard of high quality.