Effects Of Application Amount Of Silicon Fertilizer On Yield Formation And Rice Quality Of Japonica Rice

The field experiment was conducted in the white horse lake farm during 2016 in Huai an County,Jiangsu Province.Japonica rice varieties Nanjing 9108 and Nanjing 5055 were selected as test materials.Five levels of silicon fertilizer application amount were set(75 kg hm-2,150 kg hm-2,225 kg hm-2,300 kg hm-2 and 375 kg hm-2),and a control group without silicon fertilizer was set.The effects of different treatments on yield and its components,tiller dynamics,dry matter accumulation,leaf area index and rice quality of high quality japonica rice were compared and studied.All of these are aimed to the improvement of yield and quality in japonica rice.The main results are as follows:1.Appropriate application of silicon fertilizer can effectively improve the yield of japonica rice.The yield of rice of both varieties increased first and then decreased with the increase of silicon fertilizer application amount,among which the yield of treatment with the silicon content of 225 kg hm-2 was the highest.The highest yield of Nanjing 9108 increased by 9.92%compared with the control,and the yield of Nanjing 5055 increased by 11.22%,which was greater than the former.With the increase of silicon fertilizer application amount,the number of panicles,grain number per panicle,population spikelet,1000-grain weight and seed setting rate of the two varieties presented a parabola trend,first increasing and then decreasing,and the treatment with the silicon fertilizer amount of 225 kg hm-2 reached the maximum,among which the silicon fertilizer amount had the greatest influence on the population spikelet.2.With the increase of silicon fertilizer application amount,the number of stem tillers in the early growth stage of both varieties gradually increased,while the number of stem tillers in the middle and late stage and the final heading rate showed a trend of first increase and then decrease,and the maximum was at the treatment with the silicon fertilizer amount of 225 kg hm-2.There was no significant difference in dry matter accumulation between treatments of the two varieties in the middle stage of tillering;however,in the jointing stage and later,it showed a trend of first increase and then decrease with the increase of silicon fertilizer application amount,the maximum was at the treatment with the silicon fertilizer amount of 225 kg hm-2.The dry matter accumulation amount of Nanjing 9108 in the mature stage increased by 6.87%compared with the control,and that of Nanjing 5055 increased by 8.40%.The change trend of leaf area index of the two varieties was the same as that of the number of tillers.3.With the increase of silicon fertilizer application amount,the ratio of brown rice,milled rice and head rice of the two varieties gradually increased,and the chalkiness rate,chalkiness size and chalkiness degree gradually decreased,so the processing quality and appearance quality were improved.The content of rice amylose decreased,the gel consistency,protein content and taste value were improved,so the nutritional quality and cooking quality were improved.The peak viscosity,trough viscosity,final viscosity and peak time of the two varieties all showed a decreasing trend,while the breakdown gradually increased,the gelatinization temperature was relatively high without silicon fertilizer,so the characteristics of RVA spectrum were optimized.