| Goose breeding is a traditional homework in our country. The breeds of goose in our country have many merits such as producing many eggs, good feather and meat quality. This experiment analyzed on Wanxi White goose and Yan goose of RAPD markers in molecule level, to further provide scientific evidence for the breed resources research, selection and application on Wanxi White goose and Yan goose.An experiment was conducted with 46 Wanxi White goose and 48 Yan goose.The OD value of Genomic DNA is between 1.4~1.8. Genomic DNA extracted from the blood of goose, which were directly used as template of PCR. RAPD reaction was carried out and programs were filtrated one by one, Optimal PCR conditions and programs were developed. RAPD is used to amplify genomic DNA of Wanxi White goose and Yan goose, their genetic diversity were also analyzed. The research results indicated:1. Using conventional method to extract genomic DNA. The OD value of all the individual genomic DNA between 1.4~1.8. Amplified results indicated that it can produced explicit and steady RAPD bands, and testified that RAPD reaction did not request for template strictly. 2．The influencing factors of RAPD of Wanxi White goose and Yan goose genetic diversity research were studied and the experimental parameters were optimized. The optimal RAPD conditions are: 25μl reaction volume, containing 100ng template DNA, MgCl2(20mM)2.5μl,dNTP(5mM)1μl,primer (20μM)1μl,1UTaqDNA polymerase. Amplification program is : After initial denaturation at 94℃ for 4min, the amplification was performed by using 42 cycles of denaturation at 94℃ for 1min, annealing at 36℃ 1min, and extension at 72℃ for 1min. A final period of extention was carried out for 10min and final holding at 4℃.3．Genetic diversity of Wanxi White goose and Yan goose was assessed through Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. The total genomic DNA of all the individuals of both breeds were amplified through PCR method with 12 selected primers out of 50 arbitrary primers. The results suggested: Total 83,85 bands and 51, 57 polymorphic bands were acquired, which polymorphic rate is 61.44%, 67.06% respectively, The amplified base pair size were 0.21~1.52kb, 0.196~1.55kb and the number in each track were 2~9, 3~9 respectively, it also indicated that RAPD is a kind of higher polymorphic DNA marker method .4．The lowest amplified band frequency of Wanxi White goose and Yan goose is only 11.11% of all, the average of band frequency of all primes is 0.8236, 0.7442 separately. It is obvious that higher selecting (choosing) in both populations, which Wanxi White goose is a little higher than Yan goose. The average genetic comparability is 0.8645, 0.8205 and genetic diversity is 0.7250, 1.1649 respectively, it is seen that Wanxi White goose has a smaller genetic difference in population than Yan goose's. The average genetic differentiation index is 0.7957 in both population, whose range is between 0.6785~0.8770, its average is 0.7957, the data indicated, in total genetic variation, over 79.57% variation consist in both population, 20.43% variation consist in individual population, therefore, genetic variation does not occur in individual population mostly, but in both population.
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