The Study On The Relationship Of The Geography, Biodiversity Of Fish And The Distribution Of Fishery In The South China Sea

The South China Sea locates in the south of mainland of China, tropical and subtropical water area between 4?N and 24?N latitude. The South China Sea is one of the three semi-closed seas on the earth. Its total area with periphery is surrounded by Yinzhi islands, Malai islands and Yinni islands, is 3.5 million km2. Because the South China Sea is the convergent zone of Eurasia tectonic plate, Indochina-Australia tectonic plate and Pacific tectonic plate, therefore its tectonic movement is violently unsteady. During the 45 million years of history when geology of the South China Sea has come into being, it went through at least twice submarine expansion, then formed the South China Sea's wonderful view, which included not only a wide continental shelf, continental slope and a crisscross network of submarine trenches, but also sea platforms , reefs and star-stuolded islets and islands.Together with the torrid climate, the complex geographic scenery of the South China Sea was pregnant with high degree abundant biodiversity. This paper catalogued the fish distribution of South China Sea. The total number of species is 2321, which account for 76.70% of ocean fish in China Sea. They belong to 26 orders, 236 families, and 822 genus. Because these fishes are warm water and warm climate species, their distribution should be around Indian-Malaysia region. In view of the various habitats and geographical obstruction in length and breadth of sea areas, and as time passes, the distinction of distribution has been formed. The author of this paper clustered these species by similar shape. The result can be apparently seen that there are high degree comparability between the fishes of north by north of upper continental slope in the South China Sea and those of in the East China Sea. Yet the southwestern archipelagoes including Sunda land shed have the higher comparability. Therefore, they should be divided into two distribution subunits, and belong to two kinds of resources. The former are mostly bottom economic fishes, such as Serranidae, Sciaenidae, Mullidae, Synodidae, Priacanthidae, Pomadasyidae. Inaddition, there are pelagic fishes which belong to exploration resources, such as Carangidae, Engraulidae, Sardinella Valenciennes. The latter belong to islands reefs kinds, which dominate the South China Sea, such as Labridae, Chaetodontidae, Scaridae, Gymnothorax, Thunnus, Sarda Cuvier, Katsuwonus Kishinouye, etc. These fishes are mostly large and medium size species, which swim in the upper and middle levels. So they form the different sorts of fishery and fishery distribution of the South China Sea.The marine fishery divisions of the South China Sea was complied in 1980's. Under that current condition, the divisions, in a certain extent, reflected the fishery feature, type and division of this maritime space. But when preparing this thesis, the author of this paper scanned the original fishery divisions again from sea area geography, particularly from the viewpoint of conformation physiognomy combined with the character of fish distribution. And felt that the evidence of this divisions in both sight geography and fauna was not sufficient. Therefore, after further investigation, the author proposed that the fishery divisions of the South China Sea should be divided as follows: the north continent shelf fishery region, continent slope fishery region, Sunda continent shelf and the southwest island reefs. The above mentioned was regarded as four sub fishery divisions and the third class unite.In addition, the author also expressed the hidden worry about the current and potential security of the South China Sea in this paper, including national security, security of environment and economy. Meanwhile, this paper brought forward some ideas and suggestions of the South China Sea's sustainable development.