Studies On Biology Characteristics Of The Seeds Of Commelina Benghalensis L.

The biology characteristics on four kinds of seeds from aerial and underground of Commelina benghalensis L.were studied in the paper,including modality and composing; effects on dormancy and bourgeon of different treatments;changes of the superweake luminescence.the fresh and dry weights ,the soluble sugar and starch content,the structure of embtyo,the cytology course on nutrition transportation and assimilation of seeds of Commelina benghalensis L during the course of germination.The results are as follows:(1) The seeds of Commelina benghalensis L.are consist of the big and small of aerial and underground,there are accidented reticulations or networks on the surface. The large are oblong, and the small ones semi-oblong.(2)The seeds are 2.14~4.10mm long and 1.71~2.33mm wide,the ratio of the small /large is 3.6:l,the aerial /underground 6.7:l,the aerial small seeds/large ones 3.8:lwhile the underground small seeds/large ones 2.5:l;the weight per 100 seeds on the large and small from the aerial and underground seeds is0.614g,0.316g,1.030g and 0.454g.(3)The large seeds fron the aerial and underground of new harvest can germinate naturally while the small ones are natural dormancy.the ratio of germination of four kinds of seeds increase with the time of storage;if dipped in H2SO4 for 30~90s , the big seeds in 80~90℃ or the small ones in hot air of 70~80℃ for 2~4h, the big seeds in the hot water of 60~70℃ for 2~4mins while the small underground seeds in the hot water of 40 ℃ for 2~4mins,the small aerial seeds in the hot water of 60℃ for 1min., all of them have higher rate of bourgeon; the soil layer of 0~4cm is the most optimum for seed emergence.Moreover, the depth of soil layer of various seeds emergence is positive correlation to the size of seeds.(4)The superweake luminescence curve of the large seeds from aerial and underground during germination show two apices while the small ones have no obvious changes,the large bourgeon but the small do not. The value of superweake luminescence increase when treated in 0.02%KMnO4for 15min and the small seeds began to germinate after 24 hours.(5)The fresh and dry weights during germination show "rapid-slow-rapid";before germination about the large seeds, the soluble sugar of the aerial seeds preponderate over the underground ones but the starch content reverse.The changes of the soluble sugar decrease and then increase a little ,the starch content decrease all through.(6)The top of the seed splay when germination, there are a great deal of vessels in cotyledon of which one aspect breach seed capsule to grow and the other bulbous part remaines inside the seed to absorb nutrition. The substance of albumen transite mainly through membrane movment, bestraddling the cell wall and whole transportation.The course of substance assimilation was programmed cell death and the forming of multi-membrane body is central of PCD.