| The paper studied mainly on the adaptation characteristics of almond (Amygdalus communis L.) to resist drought and cold,according to climatic condition in Gansu characterized by drought and cold,represented by its two cultivars'Fritz'and'Nonpareil'and compared to Amygdales Dravidian with wide distribution and striking adaptability. The adaptation characteristic of drought resistance was evaluated by analyzing characteristic of anatomical structure of leaf and the variation regulation of physiological biochemical indexes of leaf. The adaptation characteristic of cold resistance was evaluated by analyzing characteristic of anatomical structure of annual shoots, whose LT50, condition of shoots shriveling and dynamic of water. The property of cultivation adaptation on almonds was analyzed and evaluated by observing the growth, blossom, abundant property of fruit, the quality of fruit and so on. The suitable cultivation area was assessed by collecting meteorological data 30 years(1971～2000) and using the cluster analysis method of gray weight. At the same time, relative suggestion of regional arrangement and ecological condition of suitable cultivation on almonds in Gansu were put forward. The results were summarized as follows:(1)From anatomical structure of leaf, the two experimental species of leaf were typical xeric structure. Which mainly were as follows: deep corneous layer, epidemic hair and glandular hair, small leaves air caving into cote,. mesophyll cell. Both the epidermis and hypodermis had palisade tissue (3 layers at epidermis,2 layers at hypodermis, in all 5layers).These were collocated closely; Mesophyll cell included a great deal of grume cell and tree colloid cell. The indexes related to drought resistance had vicious difference. The depth of Fritz and Nonpareil on palisade tissue were 101.25mm and 103.13mm, the ratio of palisade tissue depth to general depth of leaf were 0.37and0.40, the ratio of palisade tissue depth to spongy tissue depth of leaf were 1.00 and 1.13.Compared to control, Nonpareil and Fritz had better property of drought resistance than CK,and that Nonpareil better than Fritz. (2)According to the variation trend of RWC, the stress can be divided into three kinds: light stress(LS,82.5%～70.5%),medium stress (MS,70.5%～36.5%)and severe stress(SS, below 36.5%).(3)From water physiological characteristic of two experimental species and CK, we can see that stress influence was as follows under the same stress: CK＞Fritz＞Nonpareil. The regression results between ratio of RWC and stress time showed that regression coefficient of Nonpareil(R=0.0958)was lower than Fritz(R=0.114). which indicated that Nonpareil and Fritz had stronger ability of sustaining water than CK, and that Nonpareil stronger than Fritz.(4)The wilted coefficient formulated by Logistic equation according to the variation relationship of WSD and soil water content were as follows:2.43,2.29,2.49.The result showed that Fritz and Nonpareil had the stronger limit of enduring water stress than CK, and that Nonpareil stronger than Fritz. (5)From the ability of accumulation about osmotic regulation material, we can see that the ability of accumulation Pro of Fritz and Nonpareil was stronger than CK and that Nonpareil stronger than Fritz. The ability of osmotic regulation was as: Nonpareil＞Fritz＞CK.(6)From the MDA quantity and RCC variation regulation under water stress, we can see MDA quantity and RCC variation of Fritz and Nonpareil were less than CK at the same stress. So Fritz and Nonpareil of the membranous action of over oxidation and membranous osmosis were both less than CK, and Nonpareil litter than Fritz.(7)From the defend system of enzyme that can deprive of free irons we can see that Fritz and Nonpareil both had strong defend system of enzyme. Under light water stress, defend system of enzyme began to promote, Under medium water stress, SOD and POD activity came to the biggest valuation, Under severe water stress, enzyme activity went down sharply. The highest valuation o...
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