A Study On Standardization Ration For Sanhe Cattle In Hulunbeier Pastureland

Sanhe cattle is an important local species in Hulunbeier Prairie, Inner Mongolia, which is characterized by its high milk fat percentage and high adverse-tolerance ability, and is suitable for grazing in the pasture. In consideration of the practical cattle feeding and production in Hulunbeier Prairie, two-stage (summer-autumn period and winter-spring period) feeding experiments, digestive and metabolic experiments were conducted at Xieertala Dairy, with respecting to and maintaining the long-term accumulated feeding and management pattern of the state-owned dairy. In addition, three experimental rations were designed as experimental groups, corresponding to 90%, 100% and 110% that of the feeding standard for Chinese lactating cows, with current concentrate as control group, to study the effects of the summer-grazing and winter-housing feeding pattern of Sanhe Cattle on its lactating performance, milk quality and feed digestion and metabolism; and to investigate the DM intake of the grazing cattle by pre-pasture and post-pasture method. In addition, the temperature and humidity of common-used brick and concrete structure at Xieertala Dairy area was determined during the coldest season, to study whether the temperature and humidity condition in such cattle houses will affect the lactating performance of Sanhe Cattle. The result shows as follows: 1. The average DM intake of Sanhe Cattle is 16.5kg (16.4-16.8kg) under the condition of summer-grazing, which is insignificant among all groups ( P >0.05). 2. The two-stage (summer-autumn period and winter-spring period) feeding experiments show that the milk production, milk composition and digestion and metabolism of nutrients are insignificant between experimental groups and control group ( P >0.05), and are insignificant among experimental groups ( P >0.05). However, the milk production is the highest in 110% experimental group. In conclusion, 110% of the feeding standard for Chinese lactating cows is suitable for Sanhe Cattle ration formulation in this experiment. 3. The temperature remains -2℃ ～ 2.5℃, while the relative humidity amounts to 97% in the old-fashioned cattle houses. Moreover, the high humidity is disadvantageous to the production of lactating cows. In conclusion, the excessive high humidity is a major negative factor affecting the production of lactating cows.