Study On Wheat Lipid And Effect On Processing Quality

In this paper, crude lipid content and fatty acid composition as well as the relationship between them were studied on the basis of analysing fifty-five wheat cultivars (lines). Ten wheat cultivars (lines) were selected to analyse the combining abilities and heritability of crude lipid, oleic acid and linoleic acid content based on a 5×5 incomplete diallel cross. The frequency distribution for crude lipid content in F2 was also studied. Three wheat cultivars (lines) of different gluten strength were used to study the effect of wheat flour lipids on flour main quality characteristics, rheological characteristics of dough and processing quality of bread and noodle. The main results are as follows: The crude lipid content and fatty acid composition as well as the relationship between them were studied on the basis of analysing fifty-five wheat cultivars (lines). The content of wheat crude lipid was 1.55%~2.49%, including 81% unsaturated fatty acid. Linoleic acid content accounted for 64.29%, was the highest. Palmitic acid made up 18.1%. Oleic acid content made up 14.29%. Linolenic acid made up 3.33%. Stearic acid content made up 1%. Palmitoleic acid made up 0.38%. Eicosapentaenoic acid made up 0.23%. The frequency distribution of crude lipid content, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linolenic acid and linoleic acid content approximately accorded with normal distribution. The variation degree of crude lipid and fatty acids among cultivars (lines) was different, the variation coefficient of palmitoleic acid content was 74.84%, was the highest. The variation coefficient of oleic acid, linoleic acid and crude lipid were 14.48%, 10.93%, 10.01% respectively. Crude lipid content exhibited positive correlation with the content of palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and palmitoleic acid. Crude lipid content showed negative correlation with stearic acid and linolenic acid content. Palmitic acid content showed significantly positive correlation with oleic acid and palmitoleic acid content. Linoleic acid content showed significantly negative correlation with palmitic acid, oleic acid and palmitoleic acid content. The effect value of GCA didn't accord to the effect value of SCA. As to crude lipid content, effect value of GCA of 01-4135 and 01-6024 were higher, effect value of GCA of 01-zp386 and 01-zp037 were lower. As to linoleic acid and oleic acid content, effect value of GCA of 01-6058 and 01-zp037 were higher, effect value of GCA of 01-6072 was lower. As to crude lipid content, effect value of SCA of cross 01-5134×01-4135 was the highest, effect value of SCA of cross 01-6024×01-4135 was the lowest. As to linoleic acid and oleic acid content, effect value of SCA of cross 01-6058×01-4135 was the highest, effect value of SCA of cross 01-6058×01-6021 was the lowest. The cross 01-6024×01-6021 was the best cross of high crude lipid, oleic acid and linoleic acid content by the comparison of the effect values of SCA. The effect value of GCA of 01-6024 and 01-6021 were both very high. The combining ability and heritability of crude lipid, oleic acid and linoleic acid content were derived from an incomplete diallel cross involving twenty-five crosses. The results indicated that crude lipid, oleic acid and linoleic acid content were controlled by nucleus genes. There were GCA and SCA variation for crude lipid content, oleic acid and linoleic acid content. As to crude lipid, oleic acid and linoleic acid content, the variation of female parents was larger than that of male parents. The broad heritability of crude lipid, oleic acid and linoleic acid content were all higher than 70%, but the narrow heritability were lower, which indicated that crude lipid content, oleic acid and linoleic acid content were controlled mainly by non-additive genes, the effects of non-additive genes were more important than that of additive genes. So the three traits were unsuitable to be selected in the early generation and can be selected indirectly with their genetic correlation to other characteristics. The frequency distribution of crude lipid contents of F2 single plant in two different crosses accorded with continuous distribution, but the...