| In this study the degree in self-incompatibility (SI) of 15 selections of ornamental kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) was evaluated using compatibility index (CI) and the lines provided with enhanced SI was selected from cross progeny.Firstly, plants of third generation populations derived from crossing of SI plants were evaluated in CI and thereby lines with enhanced SI were selected. Further SI degree of a breeding population was judged by investigating percentages of SI plants in a population. The change in SI plant percentage in a breeding population through three consecutive selfed generations was followed to investigate the effectiveness of SI plants selection. Secondly, for the breeding of ornamental kales, appropriate sowing dates of seeds were determined by planting at different dates, the difference in germination percentage among selfed and cross lines was surveyed, and the time of leaf coloring was studied as affected by seeding dates. At the same time, characteristics of inheritance of these traits were estimated by analyzing F1 population. As a result, some lines with good appearance were produced. Thirdly, SI traits of 'Osaka Maruba Aka-usagi' and 'Siranami' were studied at a molecular level using probes of ARC and MLPK genes.The results were summarized as follows:1. SI lines were selected using CI of plants produced from pollination at bud or flowering stage.(1) The number of plants with CI less than 1 and higher than 1 when pollinated at flowering stage was 35, 86 and 49 in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively. That with CI less than 1 when pollinated at flowering stage and higher than 4 when pollinated at bud stage was 18, 48 and 12 in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively.(2) The survey of CI in cultivars indicated that 'Osaka Maruba Aka-usagi' was highly self-compatible (SC), but that 'Shiranami' was highly self-incompatible.(3) Percentages of SI plants in a population were different among selected lines. Gan #6 showed a highest CI in Gan group and 'Osaka Maruba Aka-usagi' in the other groups. CI was regarded as a useful index for selection of SI lines from a breeding population.(4) CI of a population showed a unidirectional change through three generations. (a) Percentages of SI plants in population increased as generation proceeded. (b) There were SI and SC plants in the progeny of SI lines with the number of SC lines increasing by generations.2. After crossing of selected SI lines, SI lines with good traits were produced. Their biological traits were also studied. (1) In view of number of expanded leaves, time and degree of leaf coloring, height and width of a plant, and germination percentage as affected by planting date, the best time for seed sowing was during a period from June 10 to 20. (2) Germination percentage among various types of plants was compared. In SC lines, germination percentage was higher in plants with rounded to ovate leaves and lower in those with featheryleaves. C'ermination percentage in hybrids was higher than that in SC. (3) Inheritance of color and shaj-e of leaves was analyzed. The feathery leaf trait was partially dominant to the fringed and rounded leaf traitl. The red color trait of leaves was partially dominant to the white color trait. (4) From Gan lines 6 SC lines were selected. Hybrid lines were produced by crossing SI lines after breeding objectives were defined. In breeding populations, characteristics of inheritance in the trait of shape and color of leaves were confirmed. Hybrid plants showed a greater i umber of seeds in a silique and expanded leaves, a compact and dwarfing form, and hybrid vigor.3. \ ising Northern hybridization method, a preliminary experiment on Si-related genes ARC am MLPK was carried out. Total RNA was extracted from stigma and pollen of SC and SI plants in ornamental kale. Probes of ARC and MLPK were made. A part of ARC and MLPK was seqi enced.
|
PDF Full Text Request