Studies On The Artificial Induced Parthenogenesis Of Singuo Red Carp (Cyprinus Carpio Var Singuonensis)

Singuo red carp (Cypriinus carpio var Singuonensis) and Crucican carp iCarassius auratus gibelio) were employed to investigate the production of parthenogenesis, the development of parthenogenetic embryo were also observed. The results were as follows:1 .Viable gynogenetic diploid larvaes of Singuo red carp were acquired by thermal shock after fertilization of inactivated Crucican carp sperms with the mature eggs of Singuo red carp. The sperms of Crucian carp were inactivated by UV with the dosage of 375mJ/cm~2 -750mJ/cm~2 .Temperature shock were selected to inhabit the polar-body release in 1min -3min after fertilization, or inhabit the first cleavage in 21min-39min after fertilization , heat shock were treated at 40.5 ℃-41 ℃ for lmin-3min, cold shock at 4℃-6℃ for 20min-40min. The results showed that the optimum inactive UV-irradiation dosage of Crucican carp sperms was 500mJ /cm~2. The highest hatching rate of 21.7% was obtained by cold shock in 2min after fertilization to induce polar gynogenesis. When the heating shock was applied in 27min and cold shock in 30min after fertilization, the hatching rates were 1.8% and 4.3% respectively. The first treating time was basically unanimous for heat shock and cold shock, but cold shock obviously abtained more viable larveas than heat shock-According to the chromosome numbers and morphology charasteristic of larveas , the all-female inheritance were found .The offsprings were identified as the gynogenetic cloning fishes of Singuo red carp.2. Androgenetic diploid cloning fishes were induced by thermal shock after fertilization of inactivated Crucican carp eggs with the mature spermatozoas of Singuo red carp .When the hatching water temperature was 19 ℃-21℃,the eggs of crucican carp were immersed in three different ovarian fluids including EM,OF and SA.The eggs inactivated by UV with the dosages of 38mJ/cm~2-190mJ/cm~2.The haploid groups were merely irradiated by UV,the optimum dosage of UV treatment were determined according to the inductive percentage of haploid emryos.The groups of heat skock were exposed at 40.5℃-41℃ for lmin-3min to inhabit the first mitotic division in 24min-72min after fertilization,at intervals of 3min.Theresults showed that the optimum inactative outcomes of eggs were obtained when UV was used with the dosages of 76mJ/cm2 and the eggs were exposed in EM ovarian preserving fluids.The percentage of androgenetic haploid rates reache 57.2%.The times of diploidization treatment appeared two inductive heights in 24min-42min and 63min-72min after fertilization, the optimum hatching ratio of androgenetic embryos was 5.7 % when the time of heat shock were applied in 27min after fertilization.More androgenetic larvaes were obtained for the early shock than the later shock. According to the characters of androgenetic offsprings,the all-paternal morphology were found with the red homozygous recessive character, androgenetic offsprings were identified as the cloning fishes of Singuo red carp.3.The production of androgenetic and gynogenetic haploid ,diploid embryo of Singuo red carp artificially induced by thermal shock in 20.5 °C-21.5 °C,observing the morphology characteristic and the development time sequence of different embryo and comparing the embryo development with the inbred carp in succession.The results showed the morphology character of haploid embryo was similar to diploid.The androgenetic haploid developed more slowly than gynogentic haploid and showed haploid syrdrome earier. Compared with androgenetic haploid ,the gynogentic haploid have more viable embryo, the development speeds of gynogentic embryo was similar to inbreed diploid carp. Both of the two kinds of haploid embryo couldn't hatch the normal larvaes. The hatching time sequence of three kinds of diploid embryo was different as follows: androgenetic diploid 102.2h,gynogenotic diploid 78.5h and inbred carp 76.2h respectively. Androgenetic diploid embryo appeared obvious stagnantment at blastula stage and dosure of blastopore stage with two long-time development stage. The embryonic development of gynogenetic diploid kept basically pace with the inbreed carp.The hatching accumulated temperature of three kinds of diploid were androgenetic carp 1813.5[°C.h],gynogentic carp 1520.0[°C.h] and inbred carp 1455.6[°C.h] respectively , and indicated that parthenogenetic diploid embryo needed more hatching accumulated temperature.