Properties And Appling Effects Of Water-retaining Agents Of Polyacrylatic

Soil and water conservation has become the choice of our country agriculture, because drought and soil degradation are important factors of restraining our country agriculture for sustainable development. The application of water-retaining agent is the fastest developing water-saving technology of chemistry in recent years. Water-retaining agents, also called Super Absorbent Polymer (SAP), is a kind of macromolecule material with high ability of absorbing water. It can absorb rapidly several hundreds or thousands times distilled water of itself weight, which process can repeat, absorbed water can be slowly released and utilized by crop. Now, water-retaining agents is considered to be one of the most hopeful agricultural chemicals accepted by farmer after fertilizer, pesticide, plastic film. In this paper, application five new production of polyacrylatic water-retaining agents as material, base on research the characteristic of SAP absorbing water, a study was conducted on quaternary red clay soil and Aeolian sandy soil after potassium-polyacrylate water-retaining agents was applied in different dosages. The results as follows:(1) Polyacrylatic water-retaining agents is a kind of macromolecule material with high ability of absorbing water, the retaining capacity of polyacrylatic water-retaining agents is over 600ml/g. Study the effect of sodium ion, potassium ion, calcium ion, magnesium ion, iron ion on absorbing water ability, is can be seen that, polyacrylater water-retaining agents absorbing water ability received great impact from metal ion, the urea has a little effect on the ability of absorbing water; through the study of feasibility of using SAP mixing fertilizer, we can see that calcium superphosphate has the most influential on water absorbing ability, potassium take second place, minimum urea have. So water-retaining agents could mix urea and low concentration potassium in process of production, and we can study complex water-retaining agents which compose the nitrogen and potassium too.(2) Application potassium-polyacrylate water retaining agent can strengthen water retention ability of red soil and sandy soil. The soil water retention ability was enhanced with the increasing of water-retaining agents (0-0.4%), the moisture that the potassium-polyacrylate water-retaining agent keep is under 0.3Mpa low suction section, this is the aptest to utilize moisture by plant, the water-retaining agent does not compete with the crop for water. Under the good irrigation condition, application water-retaining agent can raise the capacity of water storage of soil, delay the arrival of time aridly, resistthe drought weather, applying 0.2% water retaining agents in red soil, the saturated soil moisture content is 64.94% which increasing 22.31% than control, the available soil water content is 41.35% which increasing 36.47% than control; applying 0.2% water retaining agents in sandy soil, the saturated soil moisture content is 34.78% which increasing 32.60% than control, the available soil water content is 30.90% which increasing 37.70% than control.(3) The Polyacrylater water-retaining agents can notably improve the soil structure, reduce soil bulk density and increase the soil porosity. Applying of water-retaining agent, the soil bulk density decreased with the increasing of water-retaining agent in red soil, when applying 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4% water retaining agents the soil bulk density decreased 7.33%, 11.00%, 14.68%; in sandy soil, applying 0.1%,0.2%,0.4% water retaining agents the soil bulk density decreased 9.35%, 12.95%, 15.11%.but two soil porosity increase with the increasing of water-retaining agent. Water-retaining agents could significantly increase soil aggregates of grain diameter over 0.25mm.(4) Polyacrylater water-retaining agents has a little effect on maize germination percentage, and promotes maize to grow effectively. Applying 0.1% water retaining agents, the length of root, length of bud and the weight of seeding is more than control by28.95%, 66.51%, 35.60%. Through drought testing on maize seeding period, finding water retaining agents can suppress water evaporation and promotes corn to grow. High density water retaining agent deal with result superior to low density water retaining agent deal with result. In order to play a better water-saving role for water retaining agent, we should employ water retaining agent into certain depth of soil layer in actual production, preventing the moisture held up in nearly top layers soil body, cause the invalidation evaporation of the soil moisture to aggravate.