Studies On Quality And Yield Adaptability Of Special Corns In Different Ecological Areas Of Jilin Province

In this paper, according to "Shi Wu" thesis of national key task, quality and yield changes of special corns were studied in different ecological areas of Jilin province. And the adaptability to ecological environment of three types of corn was analyzed.This experiment was preceded in the farmland of different ecological areas, namely: the farmland of Jilin Agricultural University, Minle of Songyuan city, Jiuzhan of Jilin city are chosen. Three different types of corns were adopted in this experiment. High oil corns: Jiyoul, Tongyoul, Chunyoul; High protein corns: Jidan4011, Jixin306, Zhongdan9409; High starch corns: Simi 21, Sidan105, Sidan158; Normal corns: Simi 25, Tiedan16, Changcheng799. The experiment arranged three times repeats at random. The density was 50000plants/hm~2 and the fertilizers (nitrogen, phosphorus, potash) chose the same level. Before sowing, the whole nitrogen, the whole phosphorus, alkaline potash, quicking-acting phosphorus, quicking-acting potash, organic matter of soil were determined. In the whole growth stage, we determined following the content of chlorophyll, soluble sugar, soluble protein. After harvest, the kernel quality targets (fat, protein, starch content) and yields were determined. Content changes of protein, fat, starch and yield changes in different ecological areas were studied. And the relation between kernel quality targets and climate factors was determined.The results of this experiment showed that:In the whole growth stage, the content of chlorophyll changed with the single peak, and the summit was during the grouting. The tendency was the same among three types of corns of different ecological areas: Changchun>Jilin>Songyuan. In the same area, the chlorophyll contents of high oil corn and high protein corn were higher than those of high starch corn and normal corn, especially after the grouting.The content of soluble sugar changed with the double peak, and the first peak was during trumpet, the second peak was the grouting. The tendency was the same among three types of corns of different ecological areas: Changchun>Songyuan>Jilin. In the same area, the content of soluble sugar was that high oil corn>high protein corn>normal corn>high starch corn. From the seeding stage to trumpet, the difference was the same basically, and it was obvious after the heading stage.The content of soluble protein was different from the above. In the whole growth stage,the contents of soluble protein of high oil corn and high starch corn was that Changchun>Jilin >Songyuan; But the content of high protein corn was that Changchun>Songyuan>Jilin. In the same area, the result of the content of soluble protein showed that high oil corn>high protein corn>normal corn.The results of yield showed that: In three ecological areas, the order of yield of normal corn was that Changchun>Songyuan>Jilin; The order of yield of high oil corn was that Changchun>Songyuan>Jilin, the fat yield was Changchun>Jilin>Songyuan; The order of yield of high protein corn was that Changchun>Songyuan>Jilin, the protein yield was that Songyuan>Changchun>Jilin; The yield and the starch yield of high starch corn were Changchun>Jilin>Songyuan. So, the yield of different ecological areas was the highest in Changchun. However, the fat yield, the protein yield and the starch yield were different.The results of kernel quality analysis indicated that the fat content of high oil corn increased by 70.9 percent or one times to normal corn. In three ecological areas, the results of the average fat content was that Jilin(8.90 percent)>Changchun(8.80 percent)>Songyuan(8.75 percent);In three varieties of high oil corn, Tongyoul>Chunyoul>Jiyoul. The highest fat content was above to 9.57 percent, and had good stability. The protein content of high protein corn increased by 8.4 percent to 24 percent, Songyuan( 11.57 percent)>Changchun( 11.18 percent)>Jilin( 11.13 percent). In three varieties of high protein corn, Jidan4011(11.46 percent)>Jixin306(11.26 percent)>Zhongdan9409( 11.17 percent). The starch content of high starch corn was Changchun(74.05 percent)>Jilin(73.65 percent)>Songyuan(73.27 percent). In three varieties of high starch corn, Simi21(74.33 percent)>Sidanl 05(73.77 percent)>Sidanl58 (72.87 percent).The result of the relation between quality targets and climate factors showed that: In three ecological areas, there was a negative correlation between fat content and temperature, sunshine time, and there was a positive correlation between fat content and rain volume and rain days. There was a positive correlation between protein content and temperature, sunshine time, and there was a negative correlation between protein content and rain volume and rain days.In a word, the weather of cool and ample rain volume was benefit to increase the fat content of high oil corn, such as the eastern region of Jilin province.; The weather of dry and less rain volume was benefit to enhance the protein content of high protein corn, such as the western region of Jilin province; But the interspace of Jilin province(Changchun) was good toaccumulate the starch content and enhance the yield.