Studies On The Factors Of The Flower Bud Differentiation Of Strawberry

The flower bud differentiation of strawberry was studied in this paper with the test cultivars of "Dasai", "Lubi", "Tutela", "Newstar", "J10", "GongsimeiNo. 1". The mechanism, condition and the time of flower bud differentiation was searched and how the different kinds of cultivars were affected by difference of cultivation and time of plant, In addition, the chilling requirement of major cultivars was measured and calculated The process and peculiarity character of flower bud differentiation was studied. Besides, The suitable plant time and forcing culture time about facilities cultivation of strawberry was determined. The results of the experiment are as follows:1. It is an important period that differentiation of flower bud of strawberry during the differentiation of growth which affect the output and quality of strawberry subsequently According to the observation of this experiment, the stages of the strawberry's flower bud differentiation are as follows: Vegetative stage, Floral Primordial stage, Inflorescence stage, calyculus stage, Calyx stage, Petal stage, Stamen stage, Pistil stage.,2. Different kinds of cultivar have different time of flower bud differentiation. The process of strawberry flower bud differentiation is controlled partly by heredity. Namely, the heredity factor have great influence on flower bud differentiation. Different cultivars had different time of Floral Primordial stage. The time of Floral Primordial stage about Newstar was 9th September and the next was J10 which was 12th September. But Dasai and Tutela's are later than others', the time of Floral Primordial stage is 15th September The stages of strawberry's bud differentiation are different because of cultivars. From Floral Primordial stage to Pistil stage.Newstar's flower bud differentiation was the fastest in these cultivars, it was 27days.Dasai was 30 days, Tutela and J10 were 33days.3. The finishing time of flower differentiation was affected by the method of cultivation of strawberry. The final time was about 25th October when grown in the open air. But in greenhouse, the time lasted to 20th November and was longer 20~25 days than in the open air .This process of prolongation on flower bud differentiation can add the number of flower and yield and found the base of improving output4.The quality of strawberry sprout is related to flower bud differentiation in part when they were planted .The course of flower bud differentiation were similar when the number of leaves are 4,5and 6,which are earlier 3 days than 3 leaves. Strawberry flower bud differentiation is very fast which has 5 and 6 leaves, At the beginning of Pistil stage, it wasfaster 3~9 days than which has 3 and 4 leaves From the width of stalk, we can know that the process of flower bud differentiation have little difference about width of stalk is over 0.84cm.When the width of stalk is below 0.65cm, the flower bud differentiation is slow comparatively.5.The temperature and photoperiod are important factors during the flower bud and induction. Strawberry initiated flower bud on the early September at Changchun region. The average temperature of the ten days period is 17.00°C.The average daily temperature is 13.60 ~ 19.74 °C.The photoperiod lengths are 11.1 ~ 1.8hours.The average of ten days photoperiod lengths are 6.791 hours.The flower bud differentiation is ceased until the end of October. The everbearing cultivar is very different from Junebears The process of flower bud differentiation if lasting all the time from summer to fall when the condition of temperature and sunshine is fit for growth.6. Different time of plant and forcing have important effect on the flower bud differentiation of strawberry. The time of flower bud differentiation of Strawberry which was planted at 17th August and 29th August is earlier than which was planted at 9th August and 9th September. The time of flower bud differentiation of Dasai that dug at 17th August and 29th August is earlier 3days than which dug at 9th August and earlier 6 days than that was dug at 9th September. The time of flower bud differentiation of Newstar is 6th September which dug atl7th August it is earlier than others cultivar which was dug at 17th August.The results of this experiment indicated that the proper time of plant strawberry at Changchun area is from 9th August to 20th Digging the plants in this period is better for flower bud differentiation than other time, furthermore, the plants grow healthy and strongly, and make a good basic for the later anthesis and fruit. The best forcing time is from 3rd October to 20th because time of come into flower is earlier and the average of number flowers is large.7. We measured and calculated the chilling requirement by 0~7.2°Cpattern. The results as follows: the chilling requirement of Tutela is 109hours.The chilling requirement of Newstar is 129hours.Dasai is 374hours,it is the highest of these cultivars, next is Gongsimeino.l,it's chilling requirement is 352hours, J10 is 304hours.All cultivars are suite for protected cultivation, but you 'd better select little chilling requirement in the all cultivars.