Effects Of Polyacrylamide (PAM) On The Amelioration Of Soil Structures And Properties By Spraying Technique

Soil is the substantial foundation which human being and ecosystem depend upon for survival. Soil erosion has not only threatened agricultural sustainable development, but also leds to a series of eco-environmental problems, which has been one of the most serious limited factors for human life. Therefore, it is a hard task to ameliorate soil structure, control loss of soil and water, maintain ecosystem healthy and stable, and promote sustainable development of society. With the increase of population and rapid development of economy, land resources have faced more and more pressure. Infrastructure construction and the exploitation of mineral resources not only occupy large numbers of land, but also cause a large area of bare grounds and abandoned slagheap inevitably that make land susceptible to exposure and lose and soil is vulnerable severely eroded, which lead to soil resource is unsustainable utilized.As an effective soil ameliorator or conditioner, polyacrylamide (PAM) has been used successfully in both different types of soils and agricultural regions in the world. Moreover, effectiveness for PAM amended soil was affected by many factors including physical and chemical properties of PAM, slope gradient, soil types and properties. Unfortunately, most of the previous experiments were carried out by single PAM molecular weight (MW), very few of different molecular weights (MW) and charge densities (CD) of PAM have been examined and compared for use as soil amendments. Moreover, previous studies were conducted and focused on farmland, while few referred to slope farmland and disturbed soil under special environmental condition such as man-mades damaged surfaces, abandoned slagheap. Concerning current problems of soil amendment and the characteristics of ameliorating disturbecd soil such as steep and applying PAM to them difficultly.This study selected six various MW of anion PAM that each has four CDs, and used spraying technique to compare effectiveness of its improved soil under simulation. Our objective was to examine systematically effectiveness of MW and CD of PAM amended physical structures and properties of soil under spraying technique. At the same time, we explored mainly factors that impacted on PAM amended soil through applying screened optimal MW and CD to different texture soils. It offered basic information for ameliorating soil with slope farmland, man-mades damaged...