The Study Of Tuberaceae, Amanitaceae, Boletaceae And Russulaceae Mushrooms By FTIR Spectroscopy

Recently there has been increase of general interest in macrofungi (mushrooms) because of the possible medical application and high value in biochemical and molecular biology. The first step of all these studies is the classification of mushrooms. In this paper, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) combining with chemometrics was used to classify and identify wild growing mushrooms.The fruiting bodies of Tuberaceae, Amanitaceae, Boletaceae and Russulaceae mushroom were studied by FTIR spectra. The feature of FTIR spectra indicates that the main composition of mushroom is protein and carbohydrates. According to the differences of the spectral peaks and absorbance ratios, the different genus and species of mushrooms are identified. The region between 1800 and 750cm"1 can be utilized to discriminate mushrooms.The spectrum of spore of Amanita fritillaria show strong bands at 2926,2855 and 1747cm^-1 , which were assigned to absorption of CH₂ asymmetric, symmetric and C=O stretching vibration of the carboxylic groups of lipids, indicating spore contain more oil. FTIR spectral differences are observed among different parts of Amanita manginiana. The results suggest that the chemical constituents are various in different parts of fruiting bodies. It is also found the great changes between moldy and healthy truffles, which the major differences are observed in the bands of amide of protein. In addition, FTIR spectral differences are observed among Tuber indicum of different producing areas.Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) were used to analysis for original and derivative spectra in different interval of 19 samples of Amanita mushrooms, which belong to 4 species. The results show that the effect of PC1-PC2 projection discrimination based on original spectra in the interval of 950-750cm^-1 is better than other intervals. According to the projection of PC1-PC2, 17 samples were clustered to 4 classes.In conclusion, it is showed that the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy combining with PCA is valuable tool for rapid and nondestructive analysis of mushrooms.