| Oil-Tea belongs to Camellial.L.of Theaceae which is a unique and important edible woody oil plant in southern China and which has high economic value and high oil content. It is one of the four famous oil plants in the world. In this study, the excellent healthy fresh Plant leaves of vigorous growth were collected from different areas of Hubei Province and the molecular genetic diversity was analyzed. Meanwhile, the main results are as follows:(1) Sixteen Polymorphic Primers with good, clear bands were got, screening from seventy-five ISSR primers. These sixteen pairs of primers were used to amplification respectively the genomic DNA of 110 different Camellia oleifera individuals and a total of 220 bands were amplified with 218 polymorphic bands and percentage of polymorphic bands (PPB) 99.09%.(2) Genetic variation of Camellia oleifera was measured respectively by the Percentage of Polymorphic bands(PPB), the number of alleles observed(Ao), effective gene(AE), Nei's genetic diversity(HE) and Shannon's polymorphic information index. The results showed that Camellia oleifera populations had a high level of genetic diversity:The level of genetic diversity of species was relatively high, groups polymorphic loci percentage reached 99.09%, Nei's degree of genetic diversity was 0.2776 and Shannon's polymorphic Information index was 0.4291.(3) The genetic diversity of sample in 7 counties showed that Songzi exhibited the highest on the four indexes. The percentage polymorphic loci, observation allele(AO), effective allele(AE), Nei' s genetic diversity and Shannon's information index in SongZi were 85.45%,1.8545,1.3852, 0.2423 and 0.3795. In WuFeng the percentage polymorphic loci, observation allele(AO)were the lowest index. The values of the effective alleles, Nei's genetic diversity and Information highest index were the lowest in Wuhan.(4) According to the Nei group's genetic identity. UPGMA clustering of individual plans was constructed. Individuals from the same place gathered together basically and the different individuals in SongZi varied greatly. That may be considered that Camellia oleifera in SongZi were introduced from various places.(5) The order of the correlation between seed oil content and the main economic characterisitics is the seed oil content>the kernel content of seed>water content of kernel> output of unit crown area>yield per plant>crown width. Of them, there are significantly positive correlation between the kernel content of seed, oil content of dry kernel and the seed oil content, with the correlation coefficient being 0.622 and 0.928 respectively, while the correlation between the seed oil content and other characters is negative.(6) Oil content of fresh seed ranges from 14.84% to 36.41%, and there are great differences between the strains;(7) Fatty acid of Camellia oleifera oil is mainly composed of oleic, linoleum and palmitic acid, and there are still some differences among strains. The content of unsaturated acids ranges from 76.30% to 91.04%, the average being 88.86%, and the variation coefficient is 3.51%; the content of oleic acid ranges from65.70% to 84.48%, the average being 79.85%, and the variation coefficient is 5.14%; the content of linoleic acid ranges from 6.14% to 13.37%, the average being 9.63%, and the variation coefficient is 23.01%; the content of palmitic acid ranges from 6.61% to 11.01%, the average being 7.97%, and the variation coefficient is 11.88%.(8) There are significant correlations among the contents of each component of fatty acid; an extremely negative correlation is observed between the contents of oleic and linoleic acid, and the correlation coefficient is-0.631; however, the sum of the contents of oleic and linoleic acid is relatively stable.
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